Relationship between the grades of a learned aversive-feeding response and the dopamine contents in<i>Lymnaea</i>

Aonuma, Hitoshi; Kaneda, Mugiho; Hatakeyama, Dai; Watanabe, Takayuki; Lukowiak, Ken; Ito, Etsuro

doi:10.1242/bio.021634

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Several other studies have suggested that the AAD activity is an additional source of regulation in the metabolism of monoamines. Independent regulation of 5-HT and 5-HTP content and similar accumulation of 5-HTP had been identified in the CNS of Lymnaea earlier, specifically, after food deprivation (Aonuma et al, 2016). Potentiation of L-DOPA effects in the presence of high dopamine concentration similarly suggests that AAD is inhibited by dopamine (Dyakonova et al, 2009).…”

Section: Differential Regulation Of Serotonin Metabolism During Exercsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Metabolites in the Pedal and Cerebral Ganglia of Lymnaea (Experiment 2) 5-HT and its precursor and catabolites were measured as described previously (Aonuma and Watanabe, 2012;Aonuma et al, 2016Aonuma et al, , 2017Aonuma et al, , 2018. Briefly, snails were quickly frozen using liquid N 2 , and the pedal and cerebral ganglia were dissected out of the ice-cold Lymnaea physiological solution.…”

Section: Measurement Of 5-ht and Itsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Serotonin in the Influence of Intense Locomotion on the Behavior Under Uncertainty in the Mollusk Lymnaea stagnalis

et al. 2020

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The role of serotonin in the immediate and delayed influence of physical exercise on brain functions has been intensively studied in mammals. Recently, immediate effects of intense locomotion on the decision-making under uncertainty were reported in the Great Pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis (Korshunova et al., 2016). In this animal, serotonergic neurons control locomotion, and serotonin modulates many processes underlying behavior, including cognitive ones (memory and learning). Whether serotonin mediates the behavioral effects of intense locomotion in mollusks, as it does in vertebrates, remains unknown. Here, the delayed facilitating effects of intense locomotion on the decision-making in the novel environment are described in Lymnaea. Past exercise was found to alter the metabolism of serotonin, namely the content of serotonin precursor and its catabolites in the cerebral and pedal ganglia, as measured by highperformance liquid chromatography. The immediate and delayed effects of exercise on serotonin metabolism were different. Moreover, serotonin metabolism was regulated differently in different ganglia. Pharmacological manipulations of the serotonin content and receptor availability suggests that serotonin is likely to be responsible for the locomotor acceleration in the test of decision-making under uncertainty performed after exercise. However, the exercise-induced facilitation of decision-making (manifested in a reduced number of turns during the orienting behavior) cannot be attributed to the effects of serotonin.

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Section: Differential Regulation Of Serotonin Metabolism During Exercsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Measurement Of 5-ht and Itsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Serotonin in the Influence of Intense Locomotion on the Behavior Under Uncertainty in the Mollusk Lymnaea stagnalis

et al. 2020

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“…Altogether, the results based on behavioral and pharmacological studies support the existence of tight crosstalk among aversive and appetitive pathways. Interestingly, a similar interaction was also found in Lymnaea between dopamine level, which signals appetitive rewards, and the ability of animals to form a conditioned taste avoidance memory (34).…”

Section: Mutual Interference Between Appetitive and Aversive Memoriessupporting

confidence: 53%

Parallel memory traces are built after an experience containing aversive and appetitive components in the crab Neohelice

Klappenbach

Nally

Locatelli

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The neurobiology of learning and memory has been mainly studied by focusing on pure aversive or appetitive experiences. Here, we challenged this approach considering that real-life stimuli come normally associated with competing aversive and appetitive consequences and that interaction between conflicting information must be intrinsic part of the memory processes. We used Neohelice crabs, taking advantage of two well-described appetitive and aversive learning paradigms and combining them in a single training session to evaluate how this affects memory. We found that crabs build separate appetitive and aversive memories that compete during retrieval but not during acquisition. Which memory prevails depends on the balance between the strength of the unconditioned stimuli and on the motivational state of the animals. The results indicate that after a mix experience with appetitive and aversive consequences, parallel memories are established in a way that appetitive and aversive information is stored to be retrieved in an opportunistic manner.long-term memory | consolidation | retrieval | appetitive | aversive I n the wild, it is crucial for animals to learn and remember which places represent a danger and which ones are associated with appetitive rewards such as food, shelter, or mate. Understanding how these associations are acquired, retained, and retrieved are major goals in neurobiology. A successful strategy suited to laboratory conditions has been simplifying learning episodes to appetitive or aversive experiences, because in those ideal cases, learning and memory can be unequivocally measured as attraction or avoidance. The present study is framed on the view that those pure appetitive or aversive experiences do not fully represent real-life situations. In nature, animals are exposed to stimuli that predict positive and negative consequences at the same time, and the conflicting information must be weighed and organized to allow expression of the most beneficial behavior. Invertebrates are convenient models to study the interaction between appetitive and aversive memory processes because neurochemical pathways and circuits involved in both types of memory have begun to be elucidated (1-5). The hypothesis that appetitive and aversive information interact during memory processes gets support from pharmacological studies in crabs (6, 7) and bees (8,9), which show that the neurotransmitter necessary for appetitive memory formation does, in turn, impair aversive memory, whereas the transmitter necessary for aversive memory impairs appetitive memory. In addition, studies in Drosophila, in which memory mechanisms can be dissected at the neuron level, provide evidence that the interaction between appetitive and aversive information occurs from the circuits that encode reward and punishment to circuits that regulate memory expression (10)(11)(12)(13)(14).In contrast to the knowledge about the interaction at the circuit level, the description about the consequence of competing experiences in regards to the content of ...

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“…Some psychological studies paid attention to the difference in the dopamine system between food-satiated and food-deprived states (Nader et al 1997). Recently, the effects of dopamine/ octopamine level on CTA-LTM were examined at various starvation states in Lymnaea (Aonuma et al 2016(Aonuma et al , 2017. Modestly food-deprived (Day 1) snails were the best learners and had significantly lower dopamine/octopamine levels compared to snails under the other conditions.…”

Section: Effects Of Monoamine Level On Cta-ltm In Snailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Necessity knows no law in a snail

Ito

Totani

Oike

2017

The European Zoological Journal

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In the present review, we outline the relationship between starvation and taste-aversive learning (conditioned taste aversion: CTA) in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis and introduce the "necessity knows no law" concept. When snails were fooddeprived for a short period, the snails learned and formed memory of CTA well, whereas when snails were food-deprived for a prolonged period, the snails appeared not to learn CTA or form long-term memory (LTM) of it. However, in severely food-deprived snails (i.e. snails that were food-deprived for a prolonged period), memory was found to indeed form but was overpowered by the effect of severe food deprivation. That is, snails are partially restricted in the "necessity knows no law" concept. Moreover, this CTA-LTM was context dependent and was observed only when the snails were in a context similar to that in which the training occurred. In addition, when insulin was injected into the severely food-deprived snails, they started to exhibit learning and memory. That is, insulin rescued the snails' "hidden" ability of memory retrieval. In addition to these topics in snails, we survey the literature on starvation and learning obtained in other animals for general discussion. We hope that this review will stimulate further detailed studies of motivation in invertebrates.

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Relationship between the grades of a learned aversive-feeding response and the dopamine contents inLymnaea

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

The Role of Serotonin in the Influence of Intense Locomotion on the Behavior Under Uncertainty in the Mollusk Lymnaea stagnalis

The Role of Serotonin in the Influence of Intense Locomotion on the Behavior Under Uncertainty in the Mollusk Lymnaea stagnalis

Parallel memory traces are built after an experience containing aversive and appetitive components in the crab Neohelice

Necessity knows no law in a snail

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