High temperature PEM fuel cells

Zhang, Jianlu; Xie, Zhong; Zhang, Jiujun; Tang, Yanghua; Song, Chaojie; Navessin, Titichai; Shi, Zhiqing; Song, Datong; Wang, Haijiang; Wilkinson, David P.; Liu, Zhong‐Sheng; Holdcroft, Steven

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.05.034

Cited by 963 publications

(403 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…http://repository.uwc.ac.za 20 By the utilization of the CCM method for the MEA preparation in the HT-PEMFC, it is possible to reduce this resistance due to the decrease in thickness of the catalyst layer leading to lowering the platinum loading and also by increasing the adhesion between the catalyst layer and the membrane [103]. Bonville et al [111] utilised the CCM method in the preparation of their catalyst layers (a Nafion ® e TeflonePTA membrane).…”

Section: Mea Manufacturementioning

confidence: 99%

High temperature (HT) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) – A review

Chandan

Hattenberger

El-Kharouf

et al. 2013

Journal of Power Sources

812

444

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One possible solution of combating issues posed by climate change is the use of the High Temperature (HT) Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell (FC) in some applications. The typical HT-PEMFC operating temperatures are in the range of 100e200 o C which allows for co-generation of heat and power, high tolerance to fuel impurities and simpler system design. This paper reviews the current literature concerning the HT-PEMFC, ranging from cell materials to stack and stack testing. Only acid doped PBI membranes meet the US DOE (Department of Energy) targets for high temperature membranes operating under no humidification on both anode and cathode sides (barring the durability). This eliminates the stringent requirement for humidity however, they have many potential drawbacks including increased degradation, leaching of acid and incompatibility with current state-of-the-art fuel cell materials. In this type of fuel cell, the choice of membrane material determines the other fuel cell component material composition, for example when using an acid doped system, the flow field plate material must be carefully selected to take into account the advanced degradation. Novel research is required in all aspects of the fuel cell components in order to ensure that they meet stringent durability requirements for mobile applications.

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Section: Mea Manufacturementioning

confidence: 99%

High temperature (HT) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) – A review

Chandan

Hattenberger

El-Kharouf

et al. 2013

Journal of Power Sources

812

444

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This suggests that although the permeability coefficient at 60 ºC of this nanocomposite membrane was slightly superior to that of Nafion ® , the latter seems to increase further its methanol permeability at 120 ºC in relation to the nanocomposite membrane. This might be due to the reaching of the glass transition temperature of Nafion ® , ranged between 80-100 ºC under a fully hydrated state [41,67], which would explain an encouragement of its methanol transport properties.…”

Section: Dmfc Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocomposite SPEEK-based membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells at intermediate temperatures

Mollá

Compañ

2015

Journal of Membrane Science

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Novel nanocomposite membranes were prepared by infiltration of a blend of sulfonated PEEK (SPEEK) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), using water as solvent, into electrospun nanofibers of SPEEK blended with polyvinyl butyral (PVB). The membranes were characterized for their application on Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs) operating at moderate temperatures (>80 ºC). An important role of the solvent on the crosslinking temperature for the SPEEK-PVA system was observed. A mat of hydrated SPEEK-30%PVB nanofibers revealed a higher proton conductivity in comparison with a dense membrane of similar composition. Incorporation of the nanofiber mats to the SPEEK-35%PVA matrix provided mechanical stability, methanol barrier properties and certain proton conductivity up to a crosslinking temperature of 120 ºC. Not remarkable effect of the nanofibers was found above that crosslinking temperature. The combined effect of the nanofibers and crosslinking temperature on the properties of the membranes is discussed. DMFC performance experiments concluded promising results for this new low-cost type of membranes, although further optimization steps are still required.

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“…0, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]However, the optimum N/C ratios are found to be lower, namely 0.7 and 0.5 for the VC and HG supports, respectively. The optimum N/C value using VC as catalyst support is essentially the same as reported by Liu and Song et al [19,20] i.e.…”

Section: Original Research Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Pt Loading, Support and Nafion Content on the Performance of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells: Examined on the Example of the Cathode

et al. 2011

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Nano‐sized Pt colloids were prepared using the polyol method and supported on Ketjen black EC 600J (KB), Vulcan XC‐72 (VC) and high surface area graphite 300 (HG). The effects of the Nafion ionomer content, and the Pt loading of the cathode catalyst layer as well as the Pt loading on the support on the performance of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), were studied. The membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were analysed using current–voltage curves, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and adsorbed CO stripping voltammetry. Optimum Nafion to carbon (N/C) ratios (N/C being defined as the weight ratio of the Nafion ionomer to the carbon) were determined. The optimum N/C ratios were found to depend on the support as follows, 1.4, 0.7 and 0.5 for Pt/KB, Pt/VC and Pt/HG, respectively and to be independent of the Pt/C loading range of 20–80 wt% tested in this work. The highest DMFC performances, as well as the highest electrochemical active surface areas, and improved gas diffusivities, were achieved using these ratios. For the catalysts prepared in this work, the average Pt crystallite size was found to decrease with increasing surface area of the support for a particular Pt loading. MEAs made using KB as support and the optimal N/C ratio of 1.4 showed the best performances, i.e. higher than the VC and HG supports for any N/C ratio. The highest DMFC performance was observed using 60 wt% Pt on KB cathode electrodes of 1 mg Pt cm–2 loading and an N/C value of 1.4. For all three supports studied, the 60 wt% Pt on carbon loading resulted in the best DMFC performance. This may be linked to the Pt particle size and catalyst preparation method used in this work. In comparison to literature results, high DMFC performances were achieved using relatively ‘low' Pt and Ru loadings. For example, a maximum power density of >100 mW cm–2 at 60 °C was observed using a 1 mg Pt cm–2 cathode loading and a 2 mg PtRu cm–2 anode loading.

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High temperature PEM fuel cells

Cited by 963 publications

References 115 publications

High temperature (HT) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) – A review

High temperature (HT) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) – A review

Nanocomposite SPEEK-based membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells at intermediate temperatures

The Influence of Pt Loading, Support and Nafion Content on the Performance of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells: Examined on the Example of the Cathode

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