High risk men who have sex with men in Spain are reporting low intentions of actively seeking HIV testing: results from a cross-sectional study

Hoyos, Juan; Koutentakis, Kostas; Maté, Tomás; Pulido, José; Sordo, Luis; Guerras, Juan-Miguel; Belza, María-José

doi:10.1186/s12889-020-8440-3

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, among MSM who had a previous HIV negative test, those who reported condomless receptive anal sex were more likely to accept an HIVST. A study conducted in Spain showed that MSM reporting high-risk behaviors had greater intentions to test [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptability of HIV self-testing is low among men who have sex with men who have not tested for HIV: a study with respondent-driven sampling in Brazil

et al. 2020

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Background Brazil has many people living with HIV (PLWH) who are unaware of their serostatus. The public health system has recently added HIV self-testing (HIVST) for key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM). This study estimates HIVST acceptability among Brazilian MSM and explores factors associated with acceptability among MSM who have never tested for HIV or who had a previous negative result. Methods Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used to recruit 4176 MSM in 12 Brazilian cities in 2016 to this biological and behavioral surveillance study. We excluded from this analysis all MSM who were aware of their positive HIV serostatus. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Overall proportions were weighted with Gile’s estimator in RDS Analyst software and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The analyses of HIVST acceptability were stratified by prior HIV testing (never or one or more times). Results For this analysis, 3605 MSM were included. The acceptability of HIVST was 49.1%, lower among those who had never tested for HIV (42.7%) compared to those who had a previous HIV negative test (50.1%). In the subgroup of MSM who had never tested for HIV, those who reported discrimination or who had a medical appointment in the last 12 months reported higher HIVST acceptability. Among MSM who had a previous negative HIV test, only those reporting condomless receptive anal sex reported higher HIVST acceptability. In addition, we observed that high levels of knowledge of HIV/AIDS, taking part in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender nongovernmental organizations (LGBT-NGO), or complete secondary or incomplete higher undergraduate education reported higher acceptability. Conclusions The acceptability of HIVST was low among MSM, especially among those who never tested for HIV. Given access to HIVST in Brazil, we point to the need for programs that enhance promotion of testing addressed to MSM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptability of HIV self-testing is low among men who have sex with men who have not tested for HIV: a study with respondent-driven sampling in Brazil

et al. 2020

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“…On the other rand, among MSM who had taken an HIV, those who reported a recent condomless receptive anal sex were much likely to accept HIVST. A study conducted in Spain documented that MSM with high-risk infection behaviors had high intentions to do a future HIV testing [44]. Furthermore, this phenomenon in our research may be due to the high-risk perception found among this subgroup (data not showed).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Acceptability of HIV self-testing is low among MSM who have not tested: a study with respondent-driven sampling in Brazil

Magno

Leal

Knauth

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Brazil has a lot of people living with HIV (PLWH) that are still unaware of their own serostatus and has recently integrated HIV self-test (HIVST) into its public health system and offered to key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM). This study estimates HIVST acceptability among Brazilian MSM and its associated factors. Methods: Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used in behavioral and biological surveillance to recruit 4,176 MSM in 12 Brazilian cities in 2016. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Overall proportions were weighted according to Gile’s estimator using RDS Analyst Software and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The analyses of HIVST acceptability were stratified by prior HIV testing (never or at least once in a lifetime). Results: We included 3,605 MSM who did not previously know they were PLWH. The HIVST acceptability was 49.1%, lower among those had done HIV test during lifetime compared to those who have never done it (42.7% vs 50.1%), especially among who are in a less vulnerable social context. In the subgroups of MSM who had never had an HIV test, those with complete secondary or incomplete higher school, who reported discrimination, who with a medical appointment in the last 12 months, with high levels of knowledge of HIV/AIDS and who took part in LGBT nongovernmental organization (LGBT-NGO) had higher HIVST acceptability. Among MSM who had taken an HIV test, those who took part in LGBT NGOs had greater HIVST acceptability. We observed a dose-response effect of schooling and knowledge of HIV/AIDS on HIVST acceptability: an increase in both levels was associated with greater acceptability. Conclusions: The findings highlight that it is necessary to improve information about HIVST among MSM more vulnerable in Brazil. Given the acceptability of self-testing and its current adoption in Brazil, we can also point to the need for policies that build on this and enhance timely access to health services and prevention information.

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“…Six studies suggested a previous negative experience of the testing process to be an important barrier to HIV/STI testing [ 28 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Common themes which emerged included feeling embarrassed during previous testing experiences and discomfort about discussing their sexual history.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tester characteristics was an important consideration, particularly tester credibility/legitimacy [ 18 , 28 , 32 , 35 , 49 ], attitude [ 28 , 32 , 33 , 42 , 71 , 72 ], skill/knowledge [ 18 , 32 , 34 , 37 , 71 , 72 ] and familiarity with tester [ 18 , 28 , 29 , 36 ]. Gender of tester was not identified as an important consideration in any studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and STI Testing Preferences for Men Who Have Sex with Men in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review

Kularadhan

Gan

Chow

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: Regular testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI) is recommended at least annually for sexually active men who have sex with men (MSM) in most high-income countries. To encourage regular use of HIV and STI testing and treatment services for MSM, we reviewed the literature to summarise the attributes of an HIV/STI testing service that MSM prefer. Method: We conducted a scoping review, searching PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL in January 2020 for articles reporting primary data on the preferences of MSM (living in high-income countries) for HIV/STI testing services. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts and any discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. We extracted data on the service attributes that MSM preferred and summarised these thematically using a socioecological framework. Results: In total, 1464 publications were identified, 220 full texts were read and 57 were included in the final analysis. We found 21 articles addressing ‘individual’ attributes, 50 articles addressing ‘service’ attributes and 17 articles addressing ‘societal’ attributes. The key themes of preferences for HIV/STI testing services were: (1) the appeal of self-testing due to convenience and privacy; (2) the need to provide a variety of testing options; and (3) the influence of the testing experience, including confidentiality and privacy, tester characteristics and stigma. There were distinct patterns of preferences for subpopulations of MSM across studies, such as the preference of self-testing for young MSM, and of in-clinic testing for those who perceived themselves as high risk (i.e., with symptoms of STIs or exposed to a partner living with HIV). Conclusion: To make HIV/STI testing more accessible for MSM and encourage regular screening, it is important to address ‘individual’, ‘service’ and ‘societal’ attributes, such as enhancing the convenience of testing through self-testing, and providing a service that men feel comfortable and safe accessing. Furthermore, services should accommodate the preferences of diverse sub-populations within the MSM community.

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High risk men who have sex with men in Spain are reporting low intentions of actively seeking HIV testing: results from a cross-sectional study

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Acceptability of HIV self-testing is low among men who have sex with men who have not tested for HIV: a study with respondent-driven sampling in Brazil

Acceptability of HIV self-testing is low among men who have sex with men who have not tested for HIV: a study with respondent-driven sampling in Brazil

Acceptability of HIV self-testing is low among MSM who have not tested: a study with respondent-driven sampling in Brazil

HIV and STI Testing Preferences for Men Who Have Sex with Men in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review

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