High-Risk Group for Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Abstract

A case control study was conducted on 100 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and 100 controls matched by age and residence. Interviews were performed by welltrained urologists using an original questionnaire. Matched-pair analysis revealed the following characteristics and relative risks (RR) as being significantly (P < 0.05) different among the BPH patients versus the controls: higher educational background (RR = 2.77); not engaged in farming, forestry, or fishing (RR = 4.82); no environmental pollution at work (RR = 2.90); a present annual income of more than 2,400,000 yen (RR = 3.84); a previous annual income of more than 2,400,000 yen (RR = 3.82); practice the highest standard of living (RR = 4.24); more than two children (RR = 2.67); experienced first nocturnal emission before reaching the age of 20 (RR = 3.11); expending more than 10 min to complete one act of sexual intercourse (RR = 2.43); having no episode of sexual impotence that lasted more than 1 month (RR = 2.29); no family history of gastric ulcer (RR = 7.98); no family history of breast cancer (RR = 8.25); regular consumption of milk (RR = 2.25); irregular consumption of green and yellow vegetables (RR = 3.91); and pickles not consumed at every meal (RR = 1.99). Characteristics that did not achieve a high level of statistical significance (0.05 < P < 0.10) between cases and controls were as follows: past history of gonorrhea, urethritis, or prostatitis and syphilis (RR = 1.84, 2.76, and 4.26, respectively), and daily meat consumption (RR = 3.18). On the basis of interviews of the patients and cases reported in this study, we conclude that dietaly and sexual habits may be important factors which place individuals at a higher risk for developing BPH.

Vitamin C supplementation prevents testosterone-induced hyperplasia of rat prostate by down-regulating HIF-1α

“…For example, casecontrol studies have demonstrated that men who consume fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C have a lower incidence of BPH [13,14]. Furthermore, vitamin C plasma concentrations were found to be significantly lower in BPH patients than in normal healthy controls [15].…”

Alcohol Consumption, Cigarette Smoking, and Risk of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

“…Studies evaluating the relation between alcohol and clinically detected or symptomatic BPH have not been consistent, with some finding a positive relation (20,21) and others no relation (19,22). Numerous studies have evaluated the relation between smoking and either surgery for BPH (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27) or clinically detected or symptomatic BPH (19-22, 25, 27-29) and generally have shown a moderate inverse association with current smoking or no effect of smoking.…”

Association of Dietary Elements and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

“…Araki et al, in their case-control study of 100 Japanese men with symptomatic benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) and 100 healthy controls, found the relative risk of symptomatic BPE to be higher among those who ate meat daily; the relative risk was 2.1 (statistically not significant) (1). They also found that the relative risk of symptomatic BPE was increased (statistically significantly) among men who consumed milk, who consumed green and yellow vegetables irregularly and who did not consume pickles at every meal.…”