High‐resolution modeling of isotachophoresis and zone electrophoresis

Yu, Jia Wei; Chou, Yin; Yang, Ruey-Jen

doi:10.1002/elps.200700427

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…If an insufficient number of segments is used, there is a risk of numerical oscillations, which are seen in all profiles, including concentration, conductivity and pH distributions [4,57,66,68]. This behavior is illustrated with the cationic ZE data presented in Fig.…”

Section: Model Features and Considerations For Running A Simulationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Execution time, which can vary between a few seconds and a full month, depends on the numerical scheme [57,63,65,66,68,69,138], on the PC's chip (Fig. 1A), the PC's operational configuration (Fig.…”

Section: Model Features and Considerations For Running A Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selection of the appropriate simulation parameters, such as the number of segments and the applied power level, is crucial for success [3,4,57,63,66,68]. The widths of boundaries with a steady-state shape are dependent on the applied power level, i.e.…”

Section: Model Features and Considerations For Running A Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…behavior not expected to occur in an experiment, the simulation should be repeated without invoking smoothing, and the results compared with the suspect data. Instead of an increased mesh, as with the integration schemes employed in GENTRANS, SIMUL5 and the 2-D model, other algorithms have been tested in various laboratories [57,63,65,66,68,69,138]. Several of the proposed procedures, however, were found to provide data with undesired boundary distortions [57,63,65] and are therefore no longer in use.…”

Section: Model Features and Considerations For Running A Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Models that are currently in use in various laboratories are the 1-D simulators GENTRANS of Mosher et al [44,49,[51][52][53][54][129][130][131][132] and SIMUL5 of Hruška et al [48] (available at http://www.natur.cuni.cz/ Gas), which succeeded SIMUL 4.0 [47]. Interesting new models are those of Bercovici et al [69] (available as the Stanford's Public Release Electrophoretic Separation Solver (SPRESSO), http://microfluidics.stanford.edu/spresso), the 2-D model of Shim et al [70,71,135,136] and the models of Yang and his collaborators [68,138]. The purposes of this review are (i) to provide a brief overview of the specifications of these simulators and how a dynamic simulation is performed, (ii) to demonstrate the versatility and benefits of dynamic computer simulation by discussing high-resolution simulation examples for ZE, ITP, IEF and EKC and (iii) to comprehensively list the applications in which dynamic simulations were reported and used for the description of electrophoretic behavior of sample and buffer components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic computer simulations of electrophoresis: A versatile research and teaching tool

et al. 2010

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Software is available, which simulates all basic electrophoretic systems, including moving boundary electrophoresis, zone electrophoresis, ITP, IEF and EKC, and their combinations under almost exactly the same conditions used in the laboratory. These dynamic models are based upon equations derived from the transport concepts such as electromigration, diffusion, electroosmosis and imposed hydrodynamic buffer flow that are applied to user-specified initial distributions of analytes and electrolytes. They are able to predict the evolution of electrolyte systems together with associated properties such as pH and conductivity profiles and are as such the most versatile tool to explore the fundamentals of electrokinetic separations and analyses. In addition to revealing the detailed mechanisms of fundamental phenomena that occur in electrophoretic separations, dynamic simulations are useful for educational purposes. This review includes a list of current high-resolution simulators, information on how a simulation is performed, simulation examples for zone electrophoresis, ITP, IEF and EKC and a comprehensive discussion of the applications and achievements.

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Section: Model Features and Considerations For Running A Simulationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Model Features and Considerations For Running A Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Features and Considerations For Running A Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Features and Considerations For Running A Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic computer simulations of electrophoresis: A versatile research and teaching tool

et al. 2010

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Recent progress in analytical capillary ITP

2009

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ITP is an electrophoretic technique that has been attracting constant attention for many years due to its pronounced capability to concentrate trace analytes by several orders of magnitude. In practice, it is used predominantly in capillary format, where the capillaries used have id ranging between 0.02 and 0.8 mm. The volumes of the samples introduced may be up to several tens of microliters and trace analytes diluted in such a volume are concentrated into zones having volumes in the range of picoliters. Moreover, it offers simultaneously efficient separation of the analytes. That is why ITP retains its important position in many current multistage and multidimensional separation schemes where it is used always as the starting step that brings preseparation and concentration of sample components. This article links up previous reviews on the topic and summarizes the progress of analytical capillary ITP since 2006; 90 reviewed papers include theory and methodological novelties as well as analytical applications. Papers using ITP as part of multistage separation schemes are also included.

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Simulations of IEF in microchannel with variable cross‐sectional area

Chou

Yang

2009

Electrophoresis

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This study develops a 1-D mass transport model to describe the electrophoresis transport behavior within a microchannel with a variable cross-sectional area. Utilizing three different numerical schemes, simulations are performed to investigate the IEF of proteins in ampholyte-based pH gradients within both a planar microchannel and a contraction-expansion microchannel, respectively. The simulation results obtained using the modified 1-D mass transport model and the finite-volume method (FVM) for the IEF separation of a single protein sample in a ten-ampholyte-based pH gradient within a planar microchannel are consistent with those presented by Shim et al. [Electrophoresis 2007, 28, 572-586] using a 2-D FVM scheme. In addition, the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy number insensitive conservation element and solution element (CNI-CESE) method is found to be both more robust and more computationally efficient than the conventional CESE scheme when modeling IEF phenomena within a contraction-expansion microchannel. In modeling the IEF separation of four sample ampholytes in a 20-ampholtye-based pH gradient within a contraction-expansion microchannel, the results obtained using the CNI-CESE scheme are in good agreement with those published in literature. Moreover, the simulations can be performed significantly faster with the new 1-D model and the CNI-CESE scheme. Finally, the results obtained using the modified 1-D mass transport model and the CNI-CESE scheme demonstrate that the concentration of the focused test sample and the resolution of the pH gradient within the microchannel increase as the number of ampholytes used to accomplish the IEF separation process is increased.

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High‐resolution modeling of isotachophoresis and zone electrophoresis

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Dynamic computer simulations of electrophoresis: A versatile research and teaching tool

Dynamic computer simulations of electrophoresis: A versatile research and teaching tool

Recent progress in analytical capillary ITP

Simulations of IEF in microchannel with variable cross‐sectional area

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