High-repetition rate laser ablation coupled to dielectric barrier discharge postionization for ambient mass spectrometry

Bierstedt, Andreas; Riedel, Jens

doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.02.002

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Interestingly, the observed ion pattern for this novel set-up resembles mainly the spectral pattern which was obtained previously with this set-up in combination with a heliumdriven dielectric barrier discharge ion source. 18 Likewise, protonated water clusters dominated the reagent ion mass spectrum. Moreover, unambiguous identification of active ammonia formation due to plasma interactions with ambient N 2 and H 2 O was described.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ion transfer into the first pumping stage (~10 -1 mbar) was achieved fluiddynamically using a home-built skimmer inlet. 18 Briefly, it consists of a metal plate extended by a commercially available conical nozzle. The inner diameter is 150 µm at the inlet towards atmospheric pressure and increases linearly to 4 mm at the low pressure end.…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the ablation efficiency for plasma-based AMS techniques can typically be enhanced by laser ablation as sample introduction. 18 Laser-induced plasmas (LIPs) at ambient conditions are commonly used for atomic emission spectroscopy under the name of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). LIPs are known to have electron number densities (n e ~ 10 24 m -3 ) 19 much higher than electrically driven plasmas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Airborne Laser-Spark for Ambient Desorption/Ionisation

Bierstedt

Riedel

2016

Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester)

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A novel direct sampling ionisation scheme for ambient mass spectrometry is presented. Desorption and ionisation are achieved by a quasi-continuous laser induced plasma in air. Since there are no solid or liquid electrodes involved the ion source does not suffer from chemical interferences or fatigue originating from erosive burning or from electrode consumption. The overall plasma maintains electro-neutrality, minimising charge effects and accompanying long term drift of the charged particles trajectories. In the airborne plasma approach the ambient air not only serves as the plasma medium but at the same time also slows down the nascent ions via collisional cooling. Ionisation of the analyte molecules does not occur in the plasma itself but is induced by interaction with nascent ionic fragments, electrons and/or far ultraviolet photons in the plasma vicinity. At each individual air-spark an audible shockwave is formed, providing new reactive species, which expands concentrically and, thus, prevents direct contact of the analyte with the hot region inside the plasma itself. As a consequence the interaction volume between plasma and analyte does not exceed the threshold temperature for thermal dissociation or fragmentation. Experimentally this indirect ionisation scheme is demonstrated to be widely unspecific to the chemical nature of the analyte and to hardly result in any fragmentation of the studied molecules. A vast ensemble of different test analytes including polar and non-polar hydrocarbons, sugars, low mass active ingredients of pharmaceuticals as well as natural biomolecules in food samples directly out of their complex matrices could be shown to yield easily accessible yet meaningful spectra. Since the plasma medium is humid air, the chemical reaction mechanism of the ionisation is likely to be similar to other ambient ionisation techniques. Wir stellen hier eine neue Ionisationsmethode für die Umgebungsionisation (ambient ionisation) vor. Sowohl die Desorption als auch die Ionisation erfolgen hierbei durch ein laserbetriebenes Luftplasma. Die Abwesenheit fester oder flüssiger Elektroden hat zur Folge, dass die Methode weder unter chemischen Interferenzen noch unter Verschleiß durch Korrosionsbrand oder abgetragenes Elektrodenmaterial leidet. Insgesamt betrachtet herrscht in dem Plasma Elektroneutralität, wodurch Aufladungseffekte minimiert werden, die andernfalls zu einer langfristigenÄderung der Flugbahnen von Ionen während der Experimente führen kann. In dem Ansatz eine freischwebende Luftentladung bei Atmosphärendruck zu verwenden agiert die Luft nicht nur als Plasmamedium sondert dient zusätzlich als Badgas für die stoßinduzierte Kühlung der entstehenden Ionen. Die Ionisierung der Analytmoleküle erfolgt nicht unmittelbar im Plasma sondern in dessen direkter Umgebung durch Wechselwirkung mit freigesetzten ionischen Luftspezies, freien Elektronen oder Photonen im kurzwelligen ultravioletten Bereich. Jede Laserentladung erzeugt eine hörbare Stoßwelle, in welcher neu produzierte reaktive Spezies freiges...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Airborne Laser-Spark for Ambient Desorption/Ionisation

Bierstedt

Riedel

2016

Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester)

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“…LD‐DBDI experiments using an Nd:YVO 4 laser with wavelength of 532 nm, repetition rates of several kHz, and pulsed energies below 100 μJ (Fig. 21) were also performed for the detection of a variety of samples such as pure amino acid molecules and capsaicin in dried chili fruits (Bierstedt & Riedel, 2016). In a recent report, a CW diode laser tuned at 405 nm was coupled to an LTP probe for profiling of alkaloids from cactus sample, jimsonweed fruit and seed, and tobacco seeding with lateral resolutions from 300 to 50 μm (Moreno‐Pedraza et al, 2019).…”

Section: Laser Desorption/ablation Coupled To Ambient Ionization In Bioapplicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( c ) Photograph of the laser ablation process of a tablet followed by DBD postionization. Reprinted from Bierstedt and Riedel (2016). LD‐DBD, laser desorption dielectric barrier discharge.…”

Section: Laser Desorption/ablation Coupled To Ambient Ionization In Bioapplicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Desorption/Ablation Postionization Mass Spectrometry: Recent Progress in Bioanalytical Applications

Ding

Liu

Shi

2020

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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Lasers have long been used in the field of mass spectrometric analysis for characterization of condensed matter. However, emission of neutrals upon laser irradiation surpasses the number of ions. Typically, only one in about one million analytes ejected by laser desorption/ablation is ionized, which has fueled the quest for postionization methods enabling ionization of desorbed neutrals to enhance mass spectrometric detection schemes. The development of postionization techniques can be an endeavor that integrates multiple disciplines involving photon energy transfer, electrochemistry, gas discharge, etc. The combination of lasers of different parameters and diverse ion sources has made laser desorption/ablation postionization (LD/API) a growing and lively research community, including two‐step laser mass spectrometry, laser ablation atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry, and those coupled to ambient mass spectrometry. These hyphenated techniques have shown potentials in bioanalytical applications, with major inroads to be made in simultaneous location and quantification of pharmaceuticals, toxins, and metabolites in complex biomatrixes. This review is intended to provide a timely comprehensive view of the broadening bioanalytical applications of disparate LD/API techniques. We also have attempted to discuss these applications according to the classifications based on the postionization methods and to encapsulate the latest achievements in the field of LD/API by highlighting some of the very best reports in the 21st century. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Plasma‐based ambient mass spectrometry: Recent progress and applications

Yue

Zhao

et al. 2021

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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Ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) has grown as a group of advanced analytical techniques that allow for the direct sampling and ionization of the analytes in different statuses from their native environment without or with minimum sample pretreatments. As a significant category of AMS, plasma-based AMS has gained a -• , CO 3 -• , NO 2 -• , and the most abundant species is O 2 -• (Cody & Dane, 2013). A review by Gross (Gross, 2014) explained the ionization mechanism in greater detail, and the typical ions generated in the DART source are shown in Table 2. Another

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High-repetition rate laser ablation coupled to dielectric barrier discharge postionization for ambient mass spectrometry

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Airborne Laser-Spark for Ambient Desorption/Ionisation

Airborne Laser-Spark for Ambient Desorption/Ionisation

Laser Desorption/Ablation Postionization Mass Spectrometry: Recent Progress in Bioanalytical Applications

Plasma‐based ambient mass spectrometry: Recent progress and applications

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