High-quality organohalide lead perovskite films fabricated by layer-by-layer alternating vacuum deposition for high efficiency photovoltaics

Tavakoli, Mohammad Mahdi; Simchi, A.; Mo, Xiaoliang; Fan, Zhiyong

doi:10.1039/c6qm00379f

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…ZnO based thin films and nanorod arrays are very promising ETL for the fabrication of highly efficient solar cells such as QDs, dye synthesized and polymer solar cells. [33][34][35][36] For PSCs, ZnO layer has a potential to react with perovskite film during the annealing process, as was shown by many researchers. 37,38 Fig.…”

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confidence: 93%

“…[1][2][3][4][5] The steady improvement is mainly reached using interface engineering, compositional engineering, crystal engineering and the utilization of passivation agents. [6][7][8][9][10] This recently results in a PSC device with a certified PCE of 22.6%. 11 Among these techniques, the improvement of charge extraction properties in electron transporting layer (ETL) and light absorption in the device are the most effective approaches for boosting the photovoltaic parameters of PSCs.…”

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confidence: 96%

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Zinc Stannate Nanorod as an Electron Transporting Layer for Highly Efficient and Hysteresis-less Perovskite Solar Cells

Tavakoli¹,

Prochowicz²,

Yadav³

et al. 2018

Eng. Sci.

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Careful engineering of the electron transfer layer (ETL) is a promising approach to improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, we demonstrate the potential of using zinc stannate (Zn 2 SnO 4, or ZSO from here) as ETL for the fabrication of highly efficient PSCs. ZSO was deposited on top of FTO glass as thin films and nanorod arrays using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) technique. Optical characterizations reveal that perovskite films deposited on such nanorod arrays of ZSO have a lower transmittance exhibiting better charge extraction properties compared to the planar ZSO thin films. The best ZSO-based device reached a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.24% and a high current density of 23.8 mA/cm 2. Moreover, these devices showed a lower hysteresis index in compared to the ZSO planar based devices.

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confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Zinc Stannate Nanorod as an Electron Transporting Layer for Highly Efficient and Hysteresis-less Perovskite Solar Cells

Tavakoli¹,

Prochowicz²,

Yadav³

et al. 2018

Eng. Sci.

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“…based on a 300 W Xenon lamp was used. Notably, the HIs were calculated by the following formula: HI = ((PCE backward − PCE forward )/PCE backward ) × 100) …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, replacement of spiro‐OMeTAD using new stable HTLs is a better choice to improve the stability of the PSCs. There are many organic and inorganic HTLs for replacing spiro, however, they are expensive such as poly(triaryl amine) PTAA, require high‐temperature annealing such NiO, or show limited efficiency and stability …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient and Stable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells Using PDTITT as a New Hole Transporting Layer

Tavakoli

Zhao

Pò

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Stability is the main challenge in the field of organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Finding low-cost and stable hole transporting layer (HTL)is an effective strategy to address this issue. Here, a new donor polymer, poly(5,5-didecyl-5H-1,8-dithia-as-indacenone-alt-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PDTITT), is synthesized and employed as an HTL in PSCs, which has a suitable band alignment with respect to the double-A cation perovskite film. Using PDTITT, the hole extraction in PSCs is greatly improved as compared to commonly used HTLs such as 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl) amino]-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD), addressing the hysteresis issue. After careful optimization, an efficient PSC is achieved based on mesoscopic TiO 2 electron transporting layer with a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.42% based on PDTITT HTL, which is comparable with spiro-OMeTAD-based PSC (19.21%). Since spiro-based PSCs suffer from stability issue, the operational stability in the PSC with PDTITT HTL is studied. It is found that the device with PDTITT retains 88% of its initial PCE value after 200 h under illumination, which is better than the spiro-based PSC (54%).the stability is the main challenge in the PSCs, which is a key step for commercialization of these devices. [19][20][21] One of the main reasons for the instability of PSCs is the hole transporting layer (HTL) materials, which can be addressed properly by using new alternative HTLs. [22][23][24] One of the most commonly used HTLs in the PSCs is 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD), which is a great choice for the fabrication of highly efficient PSC over 23%. [5,25] However, the PSCs based on Spiro-OMeTAD suffer from poor stability due to the presence of unstable dopants as well as many voids through the HTL. In order to address this issue, compositional engineering by adding new additives into the molecular structure of spiro or interface engineering by adding an extra layer on top of the spiro could be potential solutions. [25][26][27][28][29] For example, Sunehira et al. [30] applied a thin layer of MoO 3 between spiro and electrode, resulting in an efficient PSC with better stability.These strategies improved the stability of the PSCs slightly and could not be an ideal solution for this issue. Consequently, replacement of spiro-OMeTAD using new stable HTLs is a better choice to improve the stability of the PSCs. There are many organic and inorganic HTLs for replacing spiro, however, they are expensive such as poly(triaryl amine) PTAA, require high-temperature annealing such NiO, or show limited efficiency and stability. [31][32][33][34][35] In this work, we synthesize a new and low-cost donor polymer, poly(5,5-didecyl-5H-1,8-dithia-as-indacenone-altthieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PDTITT), and employ it as a potential HTL for the fabrication of efficient and stable PSCs. Our proposed polymer is cheaper than commonly used HTL polymers such as spiro and PTAA, thanks to its lower synthesis complexity, ...

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“…Besides high device performance, low fabrication cost and temperature as well as the tunability of their composition and band gap make this group of semiconductors highly promising for optoelectronics applications . Device architecture design, material compositional engineering, and optimization of fabrication process of perovskite materials have been explored in the past years to enhance the efficiency as well as stability of solar cell devices . Nevertheless, the lead toxicity is still a key problem for commercialization of perovskite solar cells.…”

Section: Average Weight Percentage Values Of Pb–sn Alloys (Fabricatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large‐Grain Tin‐Rich Perovskite Films for Efficient Solar Cells via Metal Alloying Technique

et al. 2018

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Fast research progress on lead halide perovskite solar cells has been achieved in the past a few years. However, the presence of lead (Pb) in perovskite composition as a toxic element still remains a major issue for large-scale deployment. In this work, a novel and facile technique is presented to fabricate tin (Sn)-rich perovskite film using metal precursors and an alloying technique. Herein, the perovskite films are formed as a result of the reaction between Sn/Pb binary alloy metal precursors and methylammonium iodide (MAI) vapor in a chemical vapor deposition process carried out at 185 °C. It is found that in this approach the Pb/Sn precursors are first converted to (Pb/Sn)I and further reaction with MAI vapor leads to the formation of perovskite films. By using Pb-Sn eutectic alloy, perovskite films with large grain sizes up to 5 µm can be grown directly from liquid phase metal. Consequently, using an alloying technique and this unique growth mechanism, a less-toxic and efficient perovskite solar cell with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.04% is demonstrated, while pure Sn and Pb perovskite solar cells prepared in this manner yield PCEs of 4.62% and 14.21%, respectively. It is found that this alloying technique can open up a new direction to further explore different alloy systems (binary or ternary alloys) with even lower melting point.

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High-quality organohalide lead perovskite films fabricated by layer-by-layer alternating vacuum deposition for high efficiency photovoltaics

Abstract: Fabrication of efficient perovskite solar cells (with a high fill factor) using layer-by-layer alternating (LBLA) vacuum deposition with highly crystalline and uniform perovskite films.

Cited by 34 publications

References 35 publications

Zinc Stannate Nanorod as an Electron Transporting Layer for Highly Efficient and Hysteresis-less Perovskite Solar Cells

Zinc Stannate Nanorod as an Electron Transporting Layer for Highly Efficient and Hysteresis-less Perovskite Solar Cells

Efficient and Stable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells Using PDTITT as a New Hole Transporting Layer

Large‐Grain Tin‐Rich Perovskite Films for Efficient Solar Cells via Metal Alloying Technique

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