Zinc Stannate Nanorod as an Electron Transporting Layer for Highly Efficient and Hysteresis-less Perovskite Solar Cells

Tavakoli, Mohammad Mahdi; Prochowicz, Daniel; Yadav, Pankaj; Tavakoli, Rouhollah; Saliba, Michael

doi:10.30919/es8d749

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Organic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with planar structure have gained wide attention from their rocket‐fast improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from less than 4% to above 23% . For achieving the high‐performance PSCs, a lot of work has been done for understanding and developing perovskite layers, electron transport layers (ETL), hole transport layers (HTL), and their relation . As an important component of planar PSCs with p–i–n structure, HTL located between the perovskite and anode serves for effectively extracting holes, blocking electron, and reducing nonradiative recombination due to any unexpected poor contact between the perovskite layers and the metal electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Synthesis Approach of In:CuCrO₂ Nanoparticles for Hole Transport Layer in High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Yang

Ouyang

Huang

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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While there are very limited studies of doped ternary metal oxide based hole transport materials, a multifunctional synthesis approach of In doped CuCrO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) as efficient hole transport layers (HTLs) including simplifying the synthesis requirements is proposed, enabling doping and achievement of treatment-free HTLs. Remarkably, compared with conventional methods for synthesizing CuCrO 2 NPs, the newly proposed azeotropic promoted approach dramatically reduces the reaction time by 90% and the calcination temperature by one-third, which not only promotes high throughput production but also reduces power consumption and cost in synthesis. Equally important, indium is successfully doped into CuCrO 2 , which is fundamentally difficult in low temperature processes. The In doping offers less d-d transition of Cr 3+ and p-type doping characteristics for improving HTL transmittance and conductivity, respectively. Interestingly, In doped CuCrO 2 HTL with these improvements can be achieved by a simple ambient-condition process and exhibits thermal stability up to 200 °C, which allows perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to achieve a power conversion efficiency of 20.54%. Meanwhile, the devices show good repeatability and photostability. Consequently, the work contributes to establishing a simple approach to realize pristine and doped multinary oxides based HTL for the development of practical and high performing PSCs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Synthesis Approach of In:CuCrO₂ Nanoparticles for Hole Transport Layer in High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Yang

Ouyang

Huang

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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“…As a key component in PSCs, electron transport materials play a very important impact on the charge extraction and interfacial charge transfer, and thus greatly influence the carrier lifetime and charge recombination in PSCs . A lots of efforts have been devoted to fabricating efficient inorganic or organic electron extraction materials for PSCs, such as TiO 2 , SnO 2 , ZnO, Fe 2 O 3 , ZnSnO 4 , WO x , PCBM, etc . Yet to date, inorganic TiO 2 is still the mainstream electron extraction material for planar and meso‐structured PSCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5b,c] A lots of efforts have been devoted to fabricating efficient inorganic or organic electron extraction materials for PSCs, such as TiO 2 , SnO 2 , ZnO, Fe 2 O 3 , ZnSnO 4 , WO x , PCBM, etc. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Yet to date, inorganic TiO 2 is still the mainstream electron extraction material for planar and meso-structured PSCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppressing Charge Recombination and Ultraviolet Light Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Silicon Oxide Passivation

et al. 2019

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Organic‐metal lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) featuring low‐cost and high efficiency have been recognized as promising photovoltaic devices, but their serious charge recombination and ultraviolet light irradiation instability limit their output efficiency and long‐term operation. In this work, we have introduced silicon oxide as an interfacial modifier of the electron transporting layer in TiO2‐based planar heterojunction PSCs. The incorporation of a silicon oxide modifier passivates the trap states of perovskite absorber and suppresses the charge recombination of PSCs. As a consequence, a competitive solar‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency of 18.0 % was achieved for the device fabricated with the silicon‐oxide‐modified TiO2 electron extraction layer, which is increased by 15 % compared with the PSC fabricated with pristine TiO2; this can be attributed to the significantly increased open‐circuit voltage and photocurrent density. Furthermore, the ultraviolet light irradiation stability of PSCs is greatly improved, resulting from the low photocatalytic activity of the silicon‐oxide‐modified TiO2 electron transporting layer, as revealed by the photoelectrochemical oxidation of CH3NH2. This work represents a feasible step through interfacial engineering toward the realization of ultraviolet‐light‐stable and scalable PSCs.

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“…Among them, the traditional fossil energy cannot meet the energy consumption in accordance with renewable, sufficient, clean, efficient, and nontoxic one. New clean energy technologies such as fuel cells, supercapacitors, lithium‐ion batteries, water splitting, and solar energy cells have aroused extensive attention. Recently, solar energy has become a vital member of the renewable energy because of its nonpolluting and inexhaustible features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Challenges in Perovskite Solar Cells Toward Enhanced Stability, Less Toxicity, and Large‐Area Mass Production

Liu

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Inter

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inexhaustible features. It is well known that solar cells can absorb photons from sunlight, resulting in electron-hole pairs, which would be segmented by the built-in electric field at the interface of two different semiconductors. As a result, the electric current would be produced and the solar energy is converted to electric energy. Up to now, the development of solar cells can be roughly categorized into four types based on their basic forming materials. For the first type, solar cells are mostly made of single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and noncrystalline silicon. The configuration of these cells is normally based on the p-i-n junction, showing a superior photoelectrical conversion efficiency (PCE) up to about 25.6% (Panasonic, Japan). [33] However, the manufacturing cost is very high due to complicated crafting and high purity demand. Furthermore, the by-product of silicon is hazardous to the environment. Scientists thereby keep looking for alternatives that can offer even better efficiency and are environmentally friendly. The second type refers to the inorganic solar cells that are made of CdS, CdTe, GaAs, and CuIn(Ga)Se films. The highest PCE of such type of cells were reported to be 21.7% (ZSW, Germany). [33] Although this value is close to the performance of Si-based solar cells, the use of rare elements (Ga, Te, Se) and highly toxic Cd makes it to be hard for further developments. The third type of solar cells are the organic photovoltaic cells (OPCs), which are made of magnesium phthalocyanine (MgPc)-based materials, in which the electron-hole pairs are stimulated by the organic p-i-n junction, giving the PCE of about ≈10.6%. [34] In addition to this unsatisfactory PCE, OPCs were also reported to have a short lifetime due to their poor stability. The fourth type of solar cells is the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), which are typically consisted of organic dyes, TiO 2 electron absorber layer, and I − /I 3 − -based liquid electrolyte. The highest PCE of DSSCs only reach about 13%, [35] and the leakage of liquid electrolyte is still unsolved. By considering all the factors mentioned above, currently, the Si-based solar cells still dominate the market over the other three types.Recently, the emerging organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) solar cells (PSCs) have challenged this monopoly status. Owing to the strong absorption coefficient, long charge diffusion length, fast charge migration rate, and small excitation binding energy (50 meV), the PCE of PSCs has been recently enhanced from 3.8% to 22.1%, [36] In recent years, organic-inorganic halide perovskites have emerged as prospective materials for high-efficiency, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Despite their superiority in synthesizing route, the poor stability of PSCs with regard to humidity, heat, UV radiation, and oxygen limits their applications. Moreover, the toxicity of perovskite films and suitable ways to achieve large-area production need to be taken into accou...

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Zinc Stannate Nanorod as an Electron Transporting Layer for Highly Efficient and Hysteresis-less Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 27 publications

References 36 publications

Multifunctional Synthesis Approach of In:CuCrO₂ Nanoparticles for Hole Transport Layer in High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Multifunctional Synthesis Approach of In:CuCrO₂ Nanoparticles for Hole Transport Layer in High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Suppressing Charge Recombination and Ultraviolet Light Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Silicon Oxide Passivation

Recent Challenges in Perovskite Solar Cells Toward Enhanced Stability, Less Toxicity, and Large‐Area Mass Production

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Zinc Stannate Nanorod as an Electron Transporting Layer for Highly Efficient and Hysteresis-less Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 27 publications

References 36 publications

Multifunctional Synthesis Approach of In:CuCrO2 Nanoparticles for Hole Transport Layer in High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Multifunctional Synthesis Approach of In:CuCrO2 Nanoparticles for Hole Transport Layer in High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Suppressing Charge Recombination and Ultraviolet Light Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Silicon Oxide Passivation

Recent Challenges in Perovskite Solar Cells Toward Enhanced Stability, Less Toxicity, and Large‐Area Mass Production

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Multifunctional Synthesis Approach of In:CuCrO₂ Nanoparticles for Hole Transport Layer in High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Multifunctional Synthesis Approach of In:CuCrO₂ Nanoparticles for Hole Transport Layer in High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells