High-performance triboelectric nanogenerator with enhanced energy density based on single-step fluorocarbon plasma treatment

Zhang, Xiaosheng; Han, Mengdi; Wang, Renxin; Meng, Bo; Zhu, Fu-Yun; Sun, Xuming; Hu, Wei; Wang, Wei; Li, Zhihong; Zhang, Haixia

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2013.12.016

Cited by 290 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] To improve the performance and broaden the applications of TENGs, numerous efforts have been made with focus on both enhancement of the surface charge density and development of new structures/modes. [ 2,4,7,9,13,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25] So far, the electric power output of TENGs has been improved up to ≈500 W m −2 by sophisticated design of device structure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fully Verified Theoretical Analysis of Contact‐Mode Triboelectric Nanogenerators as a Wearable Power Source

Bao

Zeng

Peng

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

157

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cost, environmental friendliness, and universal availability. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] To improve the performance and broaden the applications of TENGs, numerous efforts have been made with focus on both enhancement of the surface charge density and development of new structures/modes. [ 2,4,7,9,13,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25] So far, the electric power output of TENGs has been improved up to ≈500 W m −2 by sophisticated design of device structure. [ 18,[26][27][28] Demonstrated TENGs have been working in four modes, that is, the contact-separation or contact mode in short, sliding mode, single-electrode mode, and free-standing triboelectric-layer mode. The performance of the TENGs in contact-mode is better than that of TENGs in the sliding mode, because a much higher maximum displacement of TENGs in the sliding mode is required than that of TENGs working in the contact-mode, in order to achieve the same level of open circuit voltage. [ 29 ] The TENGs working in the contact-mode are particularly interesting for applications like foot-mounted wearable electronic systems because of the short vertical displacement involved and ease of integration.The fundamental principle of TENGs is based on the coupled effects of triboelectrifi cation and electrostatic induction. A theoretical model has been proposed for the TENGs working in the contact mode by Wang and co-workers. By utilizing the derived governing equation, the real-time output characteristics and the relationship between the optimum external resistance and TENG para meters were numerically simulated. [ 30 ] However, the model was not validated by corresponding experiments with measured real-time output characteristics. Furthermore, it is known that the real-time output characteristics would be affected by the materials, device structural parameters, operation conditions, and equivalent resistance. Assumptions made on simple profi les of working velocity may infl uence the model's validity in real situations. For instance, during real human walking, the previous wearing trials of an intelligent footwear system illustrated that the velocity profi le was complex and varied signifi cantly with time for a foot-mounted device. [ 31,32 ] Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a theoretical model that is fully verifi ed by corresponding experiments. Such an experimentally verifi ed model is essential for designing and optimizing TENGs for intended applications.In this paper, based on conservation of charges and zerovoltage for close-loop circuits, a theoretical model is presented Harvesting mechanical energy from human activities by triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is an effective approach for sustainable, maintenance-free, and green power source for wireless, portable, and wearable electronics. A theoretical model for contact-mode triboelectric nanogenerators based on the principles of charge conservation and zero loop-voltage is illustrated. Explicit expressions for the output current, voltage, and power are presented for the TENGs ...

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confidence: 99%

A Fully Verified Theoretical Analysis of Contact‐Mode Triboelectric Nanogenerators as a Wearable Power Source

Bao

Zeng

Peng

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

157

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“…Recently, nanogenerators [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] have been invented to power electronic devices by harvesting energy from the environment. Among them, based on the coupling of the triboelectrifi cation effect and electrostatic induction, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) have shown advantages of light weight, extreme low cost, and simplicity in fabrication, [ 1,3,[8][9][10] which can be used to harvest almost all forms of mechanical energies, such as vibrations, [11][12][13][14][15][16] airfl ow, [17][18][19] water waves, [20][21][22] rotation, [23][24][25] and even acoustic energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Water‐Proof Triboelectric–Electromagnetic Hybrid Generator for Energy Harvesting in Harsh Environments

Guo

Wen

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

252

162

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Packaging is a critical aspect of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) toward practical applications, since the performance of TENG is greatly affected by environmental conditions such as humidity. A waterproof triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid generator (WPHG) for harvesting mechanical energy in harsh environments is reported. Since the mechanical transmission from the external mechanical source to the TENG is through a noncontact force between the paired magnets, a fully isolated packaging of TENG part can be easily achieved. At the same time, combining with metal coils, these magnets can be fabricated to be electromagnetic generators (EMG). The characteristics and advantages of outputs from both TENG and EMG are systematically studied and compared to each other. By using transformers and full‐wave rectifiers, 2.3 mA for total short‐circuit current and 5 V for open‐circuit voltage are obtained for WPHG under a rotation speed of 1600 rpm, and it can charge a supercapacitor (20 mF) to 1 V in 22s. Finally, the WPHG is demonstrated to harvest wind energy in the rainy condition and water‐flow energy under water. The reported WPHG renders an effective and sustainable technology for ambient mechanical energy harvesting in harsh environments. Solid progress in both the packaging of TENG and the practical applications of the hybrid generator toward practical power source and self‐powered systems is presented.

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“…Our previous work shows that using C 4 F 8 to treat uncured PDMS could deposit fluorocarbon polymer and a wrinkle structure in single step [18][19][20] , which had the advantage of significantly increasing the performance of the flexible TENG. This enhancement was attributed to the roughness of the wrinkle pattern and high electron affinity of the fluorocarbon polymer 36,37 . However, the wrinkle structure was large (that is, a dozen or dozens of micrometers) and disordered, which decreased the transparency of the membrane and restricted its application for applications requiring nanoscale and regular structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled fabrication of nanoscale wrinkle structure by fluorocarbon plasma for highly transparent triboelectric nanogenerator

Cheng

Miao

et al. 2017

Microsyst Nanoeng

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In this paper, we report a novel nanoscale wrinkle-structure fabrication process using fluorocarbon plasma on poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and Solaris membranes. Wrinkles with wavelengths of hundreds of nanometers were obtained on these two materials, showing that the fabrication process was universally applicable. By varying the plasma-treating time, the wavelength of the wrinkle structure could be controlled. Highly transparent membranes with wrinkle patterns were obtained when the plasmatreating time was o 125 s. The transmittances of these membranes were 490% in the visible region, making it difficult to distinguish them from a flat membrane. The deposited fluorocarbon polymer also dramatically reduced the surface energy, which allowed us to replicate the wrinkle pattern with high precision onto other membranes without any surfactant coating. The combined advantages of high electron affinity and high transparency enabled the fabricated membrane to improve the performance of a triboelectric nanogenerator. This nanoscale, single-step, and universal wrinkle-pattern fabrication process, with the functionality of high transparency and ultra-low surface energy, shows an attractive potential for future applications in microand nanodevices, especially in transparent energy harvesters. INTRODUCTIONPatterned surface structures on the nano-or micrometer scale have a significant role in the properties of a material, including physical, mechanical, electrical, and optical 1 . The fabrication process for these patterns has been traditionally realized by photolithography, printing processes, embossing, or writing techniques, of which the relatively high cost and low throughput limit their application for producing complex topologies over large areas. Thereby, selfassembled patterns for large-area patterning, which generally employ physical-chemical or mechanical instabilities within a constrained system to form highly ordered structures, have attracted great attention for many years 2-7 . Among these methods, mechanically inducing a wrinkle structure on a bilayer system is especially suited to creating highly ordered microstructures across a large surface and features convenient fabrication and a tunable wavelength by adjusting the thickness of the stiff layer and the prestrain [8][9][10][11][12] . As a result, wrinkle structures have been used in various applications, such as smart adhesion, liquid/cell shaping, particle assembly, optical surfaces, flexible electronic devices, and energy harvesters [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] . To date, most studies involving wrinkling to create ordered structures rely on plasma or ultraviolet-ozonolysis (UVO) oxidation and metal deposition to create the stiff skin. Although these approaches are quite practical, the material properties of the substrate during oxidation can significantly alter the typical morphologies and even block the formation of the wrinkle structure (that is, the process does not have universality to different materials), whereas the deposition of the metal la...

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High-performance triboelectric nanogenerator with enhanced energy density based on single-step fluorocarbon plasma treatment

Cited by 290 publications

References 36 publications

A Fully Verified Theoretical Analysis of Contact‐Mode Triboelectric Nanogenerators as a Wearable Power Source

A Fully Verified Theoretical Analysis of Contact‐Mode Triboelectric Nanogenerators as a Wearable Power Source

A Water‐Proof Triboelectric–Electromagnetic Hybrid Generator for Energy Harvesting in Harsh Environments

Controlled fabrication of nanoscale wrinkle structure by fluorocarbon plasma for highly transparent triboelectric nanogenerator

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