High-Performance Lead-Free Solar Cells Based on Tin-Halide Perovskite Thin Films Functionalized by a Divalent Organic Cation

Chen, Min; Dong, Qingshun; Eickemeyer, Felix T.; Liu, Yuhang; Dai, Zhenghong; Carl, Alexander D.; Bahrami, Behzad; Chowdhury, Ashraful Haider; Grimm, Ronald L.; Shi, Yantao; Qiao, Qiquan; Zakeeruddin, Shaik M.; Grätzel, Michaël; Padture, Nitin P.

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00888

Cited by 105 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…As previously reported, the bright area in the SEM is relating to the electrical insulating phase which might be quasi‐2D perovskites. [ 41 ] The quasi‐2D phase form at grain boundaries can shield the perovskite crystals from moisture and retard the oxidation of the perovskite because the oxidation of Sn 2+ starts at the naked surfaces and grain boundaries. [ 42 ] Furthermore, we applied the atomic microscope (AFM) to obtain surface roughness of perovskite thin films (Figure S3, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Grain Boundary Passivation with Dion–Jacobson Phase Perovskites for High‐Performance Pb–Sn Mixed Narrow‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2021

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The mixed Pb–Sn perovskites have the ideal bandgap of ≈1.2 eV for photovoltaic application. However, the undesirable p‐doping introduced by Sn2+ oxidation restrains the device's power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability. Herein, an additive strategy with p‐phenyl dimethylammonium iodide (PhDMADI) is proposed, which has a bulky divalent organic cation and facilitates the formation of Dion–Jacobson phase‐based quasi‐2D perovskites at the grain boundaries. It is found that this unique 2D/3D bulk heterojunction structure is beneficial to suppress the oxidation of Sn2+ and isolate the moisture and oxygen, resulting in a good stability of the solar cell. Moreover, the quasi‐2D perovskites can passivate defects effectively. The trap density of the perovskite film has decreased by one order of magnitude, thus the carrier lifetime is increased more than twice. These enhanced properties enable us to fabricate a device of 20.5% PCE with great stability.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Grain Boundary Passivation with Dion–Jacobson Phase Perovskites for High‐Performance Pb–Sn Mixed Narrow‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2021

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“…Reproduced with permission. [ 98 ] Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society. d) TRPL decay with different EA + cations with mole% (0%, 5 %, 10%, and 20%) for the GeI 2 ‐doped FA 0.98 EDA 0.01 SnI 3 perovskite.…”

Section: Dynamic Studies: Influence Of Lewis Base Additives On the Pementioning

confidence: 99%

“…More contribution based on molecular designing of new effective and multifunctional additives (decreasing the fast interaction, passivating the defects, reducing the oxidation of Sn IV to Sn II , and compensating for generated defects) can enhance the efficiency of Sn‐PSCs and diminish the problems of the perovskite films. Also, a further enhancement of the V oc can be achieved by using a shallower ETL or deeper HTL because the V oc value depends on the quasi‐Fermi level of the HTL and ETL according to the following equation [ 98 ]

V_{oc} = 1 / q (E_{Fn} - E_{Fp})

…”

Section: Key Challenges and Future Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A higher lifetime 13.62 ns was obtained [ 98 ] by incorporation of a bulky divalent organic cation 4‐(aminomethyl)‐piperidinium (4AMP, 15 mol%) with FASnI 3 (Figure 9c). The use of 4AMP with optimum concentration (15 mole%) led to suppressed surface and grain boundary defects, which reduced the overall recombination of the device.…”

Section: Dynamic Studies: Influence Of Lewis Base Additives On the Pementioning

confidence: 99%

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High‐Efficiency Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: The Chemistry of Tin (II) Compounds and Their Interaction with Lewis Base Additives during Perovskite Film Formation

et al. 2020

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Mixed halide perovskite compounds with the formula AMX 3 (A þ ¼ CH 3 NH 3 (MA)/HC(NH 2) 2 (FA)/Cs/Rb; M 2þ ¼ Pb, Sn; X À ¼ Cl, Br, I) have emerged as a potential material for fabrication of next-generation solar cells with high photovoltaic performance. [1] A recent study has shown that perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be fabricated with a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.5% with Pb as the divalent metal in the compound. [2] Unfortunately, the presence of toxic Pb remains questionable for largescale production. Fortunately, Sn, which is located above Pb in group IV of the periodic table of elements, is a promising candidate for harmless photovoltaic applications. Compared to Pb, Sn is less toxic and can form perovskite compounds with various cations. Sn-based perovskite compounds possess fascinating properties for solar cell applications, such as a narrower bandgap, a lower exciton binding energy, a high charge carrier mobility, and a slightly smaller radius than Pb 2þ , which allows for the replacement of Pb by Sn while retaining the perovskite structure. Notably, the Sn-perovskite materials possess an optimal bandgap for solar cell applications between 1.1 and 1.4 eV and can be decomposed to nontoxic materials such as Sn II oxide (SnO 2). [3] However, fabricating high-quality Sn-based perovskite films is still unmanageable due to the lack of a basic understanding of the Sn II compounds. Such lacking hinders the potential realization of the corresponding film properties, such as surface morphology, pinhole-free layer formation, and low crystallinity. Until now, the most successful of the Sn-PSCs have been fabricated with FASnI 3 as the absorber layer.

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“…To address these problems, tremendous efforts have been made to replace Pb 2+ with other environmentally friendly metal cations, such as Sn 2+ , Bi 3+ , Cu 2+ , Sb 3+ , and Ge 2+ . [ 18–26 ] The corresponding devices (solar cells, light emissions, etc.) have achieved many great breakthroughs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress of Lead‐Free Halide Perovskites: From Material Synthesis to Photodetector Application

Cao

2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Lead halide perovskite (LHP) has been widely researched in the photovoltaic field due to its highly attractive optoelectronic properties. Among the LHP‐based devices, the detectivity of the photodetector is as high as 1015 Jones. However, their practical application is limited by the toxicity of lead in perovskite and the inherent instability induced by the perovskite structure against moisture, heat, and light. To address these issues, tremendous efforts have been made to replace Pb2+ with other environmentally friendly metal cations such as Sn2+, Bi3+, Cu2+, Sb3+, and Ge2+. Thus, considerable breakthroughs in device performance and stability using lead‐free metal halide perovskite (LFMHP) have been made in recent years. In this review, the synthesis methods and strategies are focused for enhancing the material quality and photoelectric properties of LFMHPs and the recent research progress of LFMHP‐based photodetectors is summarized. This research provides some promising perspectives for high‐performance LFMHP photodetectors to achieve a broader range of practical applications in the future.

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High-Performance Lead-Free Solar Cells Based on Tin-Halide Perovskite Thin Films Functionalized by a Divalent Organic Cation

Cited by 105 publications

References 36 publications

Grain Boundary Passivation with Dion–Jacobson Phase Perovskites for High‐Performance Pb–Sn Mixed Narrow‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells

Grain Boundary Passivation with Dion–Jacobson Phase Perovskites for High‐Performance Pb–Sn Mixed Narrow‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells

High‐Efficiency Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: The Chemistry of Tin (II) Compounds and Their Interaction with Lewis Base Additives during Perovskite Film Formation

Progress of Lead‐Free Halide Perovskites: From Material Synthesis to Photodetector Application

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