High-Lard and High-Cholesterol Diet, but not High-Lard Diet, Leads to Metabolic Disorders in a Modified Dyslipidemia Model

Abstract

Background: In view of the increased global prevalence of cardiovascular and hepatic diseases, the diet lipid content and its relationship with the accumulation of fat in hepatocytes have been investigated as key factors in preventing these diseases.Objective: To evaluate the metabolic effects of a high-lard diet supplemented or not with cholesterol on a modified dyslipidemia model. Methods: We divided 24 adult male Wistar rats into three groups: standard diet (STD -4% lipids), high-lard diet (HLD -21% lard), and high-lard and high-cholesterol diet (HL/HCD -20% lard, 1% cholesterol, 0.1% cholic acid). After six weeks of treatment, blood and liver were collected for biochemical (serum lipid profile and liver enzymes) and morphological analyses. Statistical analysis included one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey test for mean comparisons, and a 5% probability was considered statistically significant.Results: Animals fed HL/HCD showed increased total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL-c, non-HDL-c, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) serum levels compared to those fed STD. In addition, the HL/HCD animals presented higher relative liver weight, with moderate macrovesicular hepatic steatosis and inflammatory infiltrate. Conclusion:A high-fat diet with lard (20%) and cholesterol (1%) triggered dyslipidemia with severe liver damage in rats in a shorter experimental time than the previously reported models. The high-lard diet without supplementation of cholesterol led to body weight gain, but not to dyslipidemia.

Lipoic Acid Exacerbates Oxidative Stress and Lipid Accumulation in the Liver of Wistar Rats Fed a Hypercaloric Choline-Deficient Diet

“…The results obtained in our work showed that feeding of rats with HCCD for eight weeks leads to an increase in the final body weight (by 14%) and weight gain as a result of a higher calorie intake and an increase in feed efficiency. This coincides with the data of other authors, according to which, Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet with lard had higher final body weight by 10-15% than those of the control [34][35][36]. Moreover, it was shown that the concomitant excess of carbohydrates (sucrose) in the diet did not affect the elevation in body weight [36].…”

A New Rodent Model of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Metabolic Syndrome

“…The regimen given to the mice is similar to the CC diet, leading to dyslipidemia and severe liver damage as seen in the human NASH. 11 The animals not only gained weight but their liver weight was marked increased as well, reaching 5% of the total body weight. The authors postulated that the use of cholate could have accelerated the metabolic disturbances induced by the diet.…”

“…New studies should be developed in order to evaluate if these findings would lead to liver fibrosis and other consequences of human NASH. For the moment, the model presented by Muniz et al, 11 is a fast and low-cost option to induce NASH in mice by using a diet that resembles the ones consumed by obese people. Hopefully, this model can bring new information on NAFLD, NASH and MS, increasing the current knowledge about their pathophysiology and allowing evaluating new treatments against these metabolic disorders.…”

Recentes Avanços na Pesquisa Experimental em Cardiologia

“…8 Outro componente avaliado experimentalmente foi a gordura. Muniz et al 9 observaram que dieta rica em banha aumenta o peso corporal sem, no entanto, levar a dislipidemia em ratos. Por outro lado, alimentação rica em banha e em colesterol induz dislipidemia e danos graves ao fígado.…”

“…Por outro lado, alimentação rica em banha e em colesterol induz dislipidemia e danos graves ao fígado. 9 Além das potenciais estratégias não farmacológicas descritas, novas indicações de medicamentos foram contempladas nos estudos publicados nos ABC. Ramezani-Aliakbari et al 10 avaliaram o uso da trimetazidina em ratos com cardiomiopatia diabética.…”