High Functionality Bio-Polyols from Tall Oil and Rigid Polyurethane Foams Formulated Solely Using Bio-Polyols

Kirpļuks, Miķelis; Vanags, Edgars; Āboliņš, Arnis; Michałowski, Sławomir; Fridrihsone, Anda; Cābulis, Uģis

doi:10.3390/ma13081985

Cited by 38 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(79 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several bio-renewable raw materials, such as natural oil and fillers, have drawn a lot of attention in the context of PUR production [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. However, when it comes to application potential, vegetable oils are the most promising materials for the production of spraying PUR systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pathway toward a New Era of Open-Cell Polyurethane Foams—Influence of Bio-Polyols Derived from Used Cooking Oil on Foams Properties

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to create greener polyurethane (PUR) foams, modified used cooking oils (UCO) were applied as starting resources for the synthesis of bio-polyols. The bio-polyols were produced using transesterification of UCO with diethylene glycol (UCO_DEG) and triethanolamine (UCO_TEA). Next, open-cell PUR foams were synthesized by replacing 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of the petrochemical polyol with the bio-polyol UCO_DEG or UCO_TEA. It was observed that an increasing bio-polyol content (up to 60%) led to an increase of the closed cell content. However, a further increase in the bio-polyol content up to 100% resulted in foam cell opening. The bio-foams obtained in the experiment had an apparent density of 13–18 kg/m3. The coefficient of thermal conductivity was determined at three different average temperatures: 10, 0 and −10 °C. The PUR bio-foams modified with bio-polyol UCO_TEA had lower values of thermal conductivity, regardless of the average temperature (35.99–39.57 mW/m·K) than the foams modified with bio-polyol UCO_DEG (36.95–43.78 mW/m·K). The compressive strength of most of the bio-foams was characterized by a higher value than the compressive strength of the reference material (without bio-polyol). Finally, it was observed that the bio-materials exhibited dimensional stability at 70 °C.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pathway toward a New Era of Open-Cell Polyurethane Foams—Influence of Bio-Polyols Derived from Used Cooking Oil on Foams Properties

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The ETOFA_TMP_IR and ETOFA_TMP_E polyol synthesis were carried out at 200 °C, whereas ETOFA_TEOA_IR and ETOFA_TEOA_E synthesis were carried out at 180 °C ( Figure 2 ). The stirring of the reaction medium and the argon gas flow was retained until the acid value of the product decreased below 5 mg KOH/g [ 54 ]. After which, the synthesis was considered to be finished, and the bio-polyol was obtained for further rigid PU foam development.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To produce rigid PU foams, isocyanate (pMDI) and a polyol portion were weighed and mixed at 2000 rpm for 15 s with a mechanical stirrer. After that, the reactive mixture was poured into an open-top mould [ 54 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyols with high average hydroxyl group functionality are needed for the production of rigid PU foams to ensure high dimensional, mechanical and thermal stability of the material [ 51 ]. A combination of epoxy ring-opening and transesterification or transamidation of fatty acids with polyfunctional alcohols can lead to such polyols, which would contain primary OH groups to ensure high cross-link density of obtained PU polymer matrix [ 52 , 53 , 54 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of Different Epoxidation Approaches of Tall Oil Fatty Acids on Rigid Polyurethane Foam Thermal Insulation

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A second-generation bio-based feedstock—tall oil fatty acids—was epoxidised via two pathways. Oxirane rings were introduced into the fatty acid carbon backbone using a heterogeneous epoxidation catalyst-ion exchange resin Amberlite IR-120 H or enzyme catalyst Candida antarctica lipase B under the trade name Novozym® 435. High functionality bio-polyols were synthesised from the obtained epoxidated tall oil fatty acids by oxirane ring-opening and subsequent esterification reactions with different polyfunctional alcohols: trimethylolpropane and triethanolamine. The synthesised epoxidised tall oil fatty acids (ETOFA) were studied by proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The chemical structure of obtained polyols was studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. Average molecular weight and polydispersity of polyols were determined from size exclusion chromatography data. The obtained polyols were used to develop rigid polyurethane (PU) foam thermal insulation material with an approximate density of 40 kg/m3. Thermal conductivity, apparent density and compression strength of the rigid PU foams were determined. The rigid PU foams obtained from polyols synthesised using Novozym® 435 catalyst had superior properties in comparison to rigid PU foams obtained from polyols synthesised using Amberlite IR-120 H. The developed rigid PU foams had an excellent thermal conductivity of 21.2–25.9 mW/(m·K).

show abstract

“…Tall oil has also been used to synthesise polyols for PUR material production. Two processes have been explored, the first, esterification of tall oil carboxylic groups with polyfunctional alcohols such as diethanolamine and triethanolamine [15][16][17][18] for production of low functionality polyols, and second, epoxi-dation of tall oil fatty acids (TOFA) and subsequent oxirane-ring opening and esterification of carboxylic groups with polyfunctional alcohols to synthesise polyols with high OH group functionality [19][20][21]. Both type of polyols were successfully used to develop good quality rigid PUR foam thermal insulation [21,22].…”

Section: Sztywne Pianki Poliuretanowe Na Bazie Oleju Talowego Napełnione Nanofibrylarną Celuloząmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tall oil based rigid polyurethane foams thermal insulation filled with nanofibrillated cellulose

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two types of biopolyols based on tall oil were used for the preparation of rigid polyurethane (PUR) foams. High functionality biopolyol was synthesized from tall oil fatty acids by epoxidation and subsequent oxirane ring-opening with trimethylolpropane and tall oil esterification with triethanolamine was carried out to obtain low viscosity biopolyol. The optimal dispergation method with sonication was applied to obtain rigid PUR foams with 0-1.5 wt % of nanofibrillated cellulose. The influence of nanofibrillated cellulose content on the rigid PUR foams' closed-cell content, density, thermal conductivity, compression strength, and compression modulus was evaluated. Addition of NFC fiber into rigid PUR foam structure slightly increased compression strength and Young's modulus.

show abstract

High Functionality Bio-Polyols from Tall Oil and Rigid Polyurethane Foams Formulated Solely Using Bio-Polyols

Cited by 38 publications

References 59 publications

A Pathway toward a New Era of Open-Cell Polyurethane Foams—Influence of Bio-Polyols Derived from Used Cooking Oil on Foams Properties

A Pathway toward a New Era of Open-Cell Polyurethane Foams—Influence of Bio-Polyols Derived from Used Cooking Oil on Foams Properties

Impact of Different Epoxidation Approaches of Tall Oil Fatty Acids on Rigid Polyurethane Foam Thermal Insulation

Tall oil based rigid polyurethane foams thermal insulation filled with nanofibrillated cellulose

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About