High efficiency organic photovoltaic cells based on inverted SubPc/C60/ITO cascade junctions

Morris, Steven E.; Shtein, Max

doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2014.08.046

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In this work we report on fabrication and testing of the archetypal thin‐film photovoltaic cells with a flat heterojunction “ n‐ C 60 / p‐ CuI” (i.e., inorganic‐on‐organic). Such a sequence is opposite to the previously reported “ p‐ CuI/ n‐ C 60 ” heterojunction and to most conventional fully organic junctions, in which the first deposited layer is a p‐ type (donor) material . Hereinafter, we will refer to the cells with the “ n‐ C 60 / p‐ CuI” junction as the inverted ones .…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…Refs. ). It is not yet clear why the photovoltage does not deteriorate in the absence of a low workfunction metal in the cathode.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Note that cells with the “Al/C 60 /CuI/Au” configuration have no buffers. Using cathode buffers, such as LiF or bathocuproine BCP, is widely recommended in order to avoid the “S‐kink” in the illuminated J‐V dependences of the normal devices through reduction of interfacial effects (see, e.g., and references therein). However, with inverted devices, the insertion of a buffer between the cathode and C 60 is not always helpful .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Buffer-Free Inverted Photovoltaic Cells with Hybrid C₆₀ /CuI Heterojunction

Travkin

Elizarov

Pakhomov

2018

Phys. Status Solidi A

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Thin‐film photovoltaic cells with a planar inorganic‐on‐organic junction are fabricated and tested. Organic n‐type semiconductor is fullerene C60, the inorganic p‐type semiconductor is cuprous iodide CuI. Two types of substrate (glass/ITO or PET/ITO) and top electrodes (MAM or gold, where MAM is an MoOx/Ag/MoOx composite) are used. Depending on composition, the devices with a C60/CuI hybrid heterojunction exhibit several interesting features like optical transparency, high rectification in the dark, and high fill‐factor under illumination, provided they have no buffer or interfacial layers typically contained in photovoltaic cells.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…Refs. ). It is not yet clear why the photovoltage does not deteriorate in the absence of a low workfunction metal in the cathode.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Buffer-Free Inverted Photovoltaic Cells with Hybrid C₆₀ /CuI Heterojunction

Travkin

Elizarov

Pakhomov

2018

Phys. Status Solidi A

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“…Although there was only minimal evidence for spontaneous association between 5a – e and fullerenes in solution, assuming some degree of mixing, proximity is forced in the solid state. Several porphyrins and subphthalocyanines have been shown to cocrystallize with C 60 , forming well-ordered light-harvesting/electron-accepting layers potentially useful for photovoltaic applications. − ,− Multilayer combinations of the subphthalocyanines and fullerenes have demonstrated decent photovoltaic performance despite a lack of electron transfer between these components in solution. − We have compared UV–vis spectra of solid-state samples of 5a – e with and without equimolar amount of C 60 (Figures and S52). Peak broadening in some cases did not allow clear observation of cocrystallization with the fullerene.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

1,7-Dipyrene-Containing Aza-BODIPYs: Are Pyrene Groups Effective as Ligands To Promote and Direct Complex Formation with Common Nanocarbon Materials?

et al. 2018

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A series of 1,7-dipyrene-aza-BODIPY and 1,7-dipyrene-3,5-diferrocene-aza-BODIPY derivatives 5a–e with pyrene ligands covalently attached to the β-pyrrolic positions of the boron-azadipyrromethene (aza-BODIPY) core have been prepared and characterized by NMR, UV–vis, and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy; high-resolution mass spectrometry; and X-ray crystallography. The redox processes of these donor–acceptor aza-BODIPY systems were investigated by electrochemistry (cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry methods) and spectroelectrochemistry. The potential of the closely spaced 1,7-dipyrene fragments to promote formation of noncovalent π-complexes with nanocarbon materials (C60, C70, (6,5)-single-walled carbon nanotube, and graphene) was explored. UV–vis, steady-state fluorescent, and time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy data indicated that the interaction between the new pyrene-aza-BODIPYs and C60 or C70 fullerenes in solution is weak, and time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy provided no evidence of photoinduced electron transfer. X-ray crystallography on a binary solid of aza-BODIPYs 5b and C60 was indicative of a pyrene–pyrene rather than pyrene–C60 interaction motif, whereas fullerenes were found to form close contacts with the electron-rich B,O-chelated part of aza-BODIPY 5b. In contrast, pyrene–pyrene and pyrene–C60 but not aza-BODIPY–C60 interactions were observed in the crystal structure of aza-BODIPY 5d and C60. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations were used to support conclusions based on experimental data and are suggestive of rather weak interaction energies between 1,7-dipyrene-aza-BODIPYs and nanocarbon materials. Direct comparison with an analogous control compound lacking the pyrene ligands demonstrated that the pyrene substituents were ineffective at promoting and directing complex formation with nanocarbon materials. A common measurement of complex formation, emission loss in the presence of a nanocarbon acceptor, was demonstrated to have an alternative explanation in these systems, and the general effectiveness of using pyrene ligands to build noncovalent complexes was drawn into question.

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“…The authors attributed this unusual result to the formation of a C 60 /ITO Schottky junction and the efficient exciton-blocking at the SubPc/MoO x interface. 382…”

Section: Subphthalocyaninesmentioning

confidence: 99%