Diferrocene-containing meso-cyano-BODIPY (4) was prepared by the direct cyanation/oxidation reaction of symmetric BODIPY 1 followed by Knoevenagel condensation with ferrocenealdehyde. Ferrocene-containing BODIPY 4 was characterized by a variety of spectroscopic, electrochemical, and theoretical methods and its UV-Vis-NIR spectrum has a striking similarity with a UV-Vis-NIR spectrum of the previously reported magnesium 2(3),7(8),12(13),17(18)-tetracyano-3(2),8(7),13(12),18(17)-tetraferrocenyl-5,10,15,20-tetraazaporphyrin.
We have developed a new synthetic strategy for the preparation of a series of isoindolin-1-imines and isoindolin-1-ones from aromatic ketones and phthalonitrile. Self-condensation reactions of these isoindolin-1-imines led to the formation of a novel class of benzo-fused, highly electron-deficient core-extended azadipyrromethene chromophores ("MB-DIPY"). The influence of temperature, catalyst, and the template ions on the self-condensation reaction rate, yield, and stereoselectivity was examined in detail. New chromophores (sodium, zinc, and metal-free compounds) were characterized by NMR, UV−vis, fluorescence, high-resolution mass spectroscopies, and in many cases, Xray crystallography. Their redox properties were probed by electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical approaches that revealed the remarkable electron-accepting nature of the new systems. Stepwise one-and two-electron reduction of the new MB-DIPYs and their zinc complexes was investigated by spectroscopic and spectroelectrochemical methods. Both one-and two-electron reduced forms of all zinc complexes studied have strong absorption in the near-infrared region up to ∼1200 nm. Unusual spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of these dyes were correlated with their electronic structures and excitedstate natures predicted by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations. Despite some structural similarities with well-known aza-BODIPYs, the new MB-DIPYs differ remarkably from them in spectroscopic and redox properties.
Mono-and di-(N-ferrocenyl-2-pyridone)-containing BODIPYs were prepared using a set of ferrocene-enamine cyclization reactions. The target compounds were characterized by UV-Vis, NMR, and mass spectrometry, while their redox properties were probed by the electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and chemical oxidation methods. Redox properties of the di-(ferrocenyl)-containing BODIPY are suggestive of a lack of electronic coupling between the two ferrocene groups. Oxid-
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