High efficiency graded bandgap thin-film polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga) Se2-based solar cells

Diffusion of indium and gallium in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells

“…In coevaporation processes a higher Ga/(Ga þ In) ratio towards the back contact is sometimes introduced intentionally by starting the deposition by evaporating pure CuGaSe 2 , or CIGS with a very high Ga content and then continue by evaporating CIGS with lower Ga content. This is commonly referred to as Ga-grading and has been shown to increase the efficiency of the resulting solar cells [3,4].…”

Growth and characterization of Cr-doped semi-insulating GaN templates prepared by radio-frequency plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy

“…These TDs trap carriers and benefit the insulation. On the other hand, the roughened surface morphology produced by the Cr doping deteriorates the device performance [29]. Smooth AlGaN/GaN interface is needed to reduce interface roughness and dislocation scattering of the two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and to facilitate processing into HEMTs [30].…”

Structural and Optical Properties Evolution of ‘Fused’ Multilayer Nano PbS Thin Films Deposited by Chemical Bath Deposition

“…The current trend in solar cell fabrication usually employs a multi hetrojunction structure to extend the spectral sensitivity of cells to near-infrared wavelengths, which contain as much as half of the energy of the solar spectrum [1,2].…”