High-Efficiency Flame Retardants of a P–N-Rich Polyphosphazene Elastomer Nanocoating on Cotton Fabric

Abstract

Modification by intumescent flame retardants is an effective way to impart antiflame properties to fabric materials. Polyphosphazene elastomers contain all three elements required by intumescent flame retardants: an acid source, a gas source, and a carbon source, making them all-in-one integrated intumescent flame retardants. In this work, halogen-free poly­(dimethoxy)­phosphazene (PDMP) loaded with 29.0 wt % phosphorus and 13.1 wt % nitrogen is shown to be an ideal flame retardant for fabric materials. For the first time, transparent and elastic PDMP was applied as an intumescent flame retardant for cotton fabric. The PDMP-coated cotton shows remarkable high-efficiency flame-retardant properties: (1) a self-extinguishing property during the vertical flame test is obtained when the add-on level reaches 5.3 wt %, with a lower smoke release character; (2) the limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of coated cotton are improved with increasing add-on level, and the thickness of the coating is measured to be at the nanolevel, 2540 nm when 10.9 wt % PDMP is coated. The coated cotton shows enhanced carbonization ability at lower temperatures, which is the key to imparting flame-retardant properties to cotton, and the PDMP-coated cotton shows remarkably lower peak heat release rate and total heat release compared to the control cotton during combustion. The durability of modified cotton was tested after 50 laundering cycles, which showed that the coating maintains 80% of its initial mass, and the after-laundering sample preserves the characteristics of self-extinguishing and a high LOI. Thus, the PDMP nanocoating-modified flame-retardant cotton fabric is sufficiently durable for practical application.

Nonaqueous Interfacial Polymerization-Derived Polyphosphazene Films for Sieving or Blocking Hydrogen Gas

“…15,16 The cyclic phosphazene group offers extraordinary intrinsic properties, such as natural flame retardancy and thermal stability. 17 Most of the preparation methods involving HCCP are based on solution polymerization, and only a few studies have been dedicated to synthesizing polyphosphazene films with IP. [13][14][15][16]18 Maaskant et al reported that the interfacial polycondensation of HCCP with diphenols in conventional IP is too slow to allow for ultrathin (∼10 8 m) film formation.…”

Fabrication of Highly Efficient Flame-Retardant and Fluorine-Free Superhydrophobic Cotton Fabric by Constructing Multielement-Containing POSS@ZIF-67@PDMS Micro–Nano Hierarchical Coatings

“…Cotton fabrics, as one of the most popular natural textiles, have been extensively applied in the clothing, packaging, industry, medical, and home textile markets by virtue of their excellent renewability, nontoxicity, breathability, and superior mechanical properties. − However, the high flammability arising from their intrinsic chemical composition is a major disadvantage of cotton fabrics, which makes them prone to be easily ignited, with a high flame spread rate. The hidden fire hazards of cotton fabrics have seriously threatened the safety of human life and property over years. , Thus, there is an increasing demand to improve the flame retardancy of cotton fabrics.…”

Zirconium dioxide@phosphazene for enhancing mechanical property, flame retardancy, and thermal property of polythiourethane composites

“…While cyclophosphazene nanospheres (PZS), with unique alternating P=N skeletons, are widely used in flame retardant materials due to their good compatibility and excellent flame retardancy. [27][28][29] Some studies on phosphazene-coated nanosheets, nanospheres or nanorods to enhance the flame retardancy of polymers have been widely reported. [30][31][32][33][34][35] Phosphazenes synergistically interact with inorganic nanoparticles to increase flame retardancy of materials.…”