High-efficiency and low-pollutant waste polystyrene and waste polystyrene foam gasification: Comprehensive comparison analysis, multi-objective optimization and multi-criteria decision analysis

Hasanzadeh, Rezgar; Azdast, Taher; Mojaver, Mehran; Park, Chul

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123362

Cited by 34 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Plastic is a non-biodegradable material referred to as the “material of every application” [ 1 ]. The demand for plastics continues to increase owing to their inherent properties such as light weight, low cost, flexibility, durability, resistance to erosion, versatility, moldability, and ease of production and maintenance [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Currently, plastic products are an indispensable part of people’s daily lives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Thermo-Catalytic Pyrolysis of Polystyrene Waste Review: A Systematic, Statistical, and Bibliometric Approach

2023

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Global polystyrene (PS) production has been influenced by the lightness and heat resistance this material offers in different applications, such as construction and packaging. However, population growth and the lack of PS recycling lead to a large waste generation, affecting the environment. Pyrolysis has been recognized as an effective recycling method, converting PS waste into valuable products in the chemical industry. The present work addresses a systematic, bibliometric, and statistical analysis of results carried out from 2015 to 2022, making an extensive critique of the most influential operation parameters in the thermo-catalytic pyrolysis of PS and its waste. The systematic study showed that the conversion of PS into a liquid with high aromatic content (84.75% of styrene) can be achieved by pyrolysis. Discussion of PS as fuel is described compared to commercial fuels. In addition, PS favors the production of liquid fuel when subjected to co-pyrolysis with biomass, improving its properties such as viscosity and energy content. A statistical analysis of the data compilation was also discussed, evaluating the influence of temperature, reactor design, and catalysts on product yield.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Thermo-Catalytic Pyrolysis of Polystyrene Waste Review: A Systematic, Statistical, and Bibliometric Approach

2023

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“…Gasification technology is one of the rapidly developing methods for treating plastic waste, and it involves the recovery of chemical raw materials and energy. − Generally speaking, gasification is a process of converting low-grade waste into high-calorific value syngas, with primary products including carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide. − Syngas yield, component, and energy recovery depend on several factors, such as raw material type, gasification temperature, gasification agent, loading rate, equivalence ratio, and so on. − According to certain studies, increasing the temperature can facilitate thermochemical conversion, leading to a higher yield of syngas and greater energy recovery. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation on Air Gasification of Polypropylene Particles in a Microwave Fluidized Bed Reactor

Cui,

Shi,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The processing of polypropylene (PP) waste has become a technological issue that has attracted the attention of researchers. The effects of the gasification temperature, equivalence ratio (ER), and microwave power on syngas yields of PP air gasification were studied. When the gasification temperature rose from 700 to 900 °C, the syngas increased from 56.3 to 85.6 wt %, while the liquid oil and wax decreased. With an increase in ER from 0.05 to 0.25, there was a corresponding increase in syngas yield from 78.2 to 87.2 wt %, whereas the oil yield decreased from 10.0 to 3.2 wt %, and the wax increased from 11.8 to 13.9 wt % and then decreased to 9.6 wt %. When the microwave power rose from 600 to 1000 W, the syngas yield increased from 78.2 to 84.0 wt % first and then decreased to 68.9 wt %, whereas the oil yield decreased from 10.3 to 3.1 wt %, and the wax increased from 11.7 to 28.1 wt %. The optimal syngas yield of 87.2 wt % was obtained when the pyrolysis temperature was 900 °C, ER was 0.15, and microwave power was 800 W. The higher heating value of the syngas produced was 19.3 MJ/Nm3, while the gasification of PP achieved a maximum cold gas efficiency of 79.1%.

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“…However, these types of materials may present operational problems during gasification tests if they are introduced without mixing with a raw material of lignocellulosic origin, such as creation bridges, tar formation, and equipment deterioration [ 27 ]. The method of mixing two or more raw materials, namely, with biomass, has been attracting attention due to the synergistic interactions between the two, namely, in the quality of the syngas, which promotes an increase in light hydrocarbons [ 28 ]. This aspect is highly relevant and advantageous in applications where waste separation becomes complicated, such as in the packaging industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Recovery from Polymeric 3D Printing Waste and Olive Pomace Mixtures via Thermal Gasification—Effect of Temperature

et al. 2023

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One of the polymeric materials used in the most common 3D printers is poly(ethylene terephthalate) glycol (PETG). It represents, in world terms, around 2.3% of polymeric raw material used in additive manufacturing. However, after processing this material, its properties change irreversibly. A significant amount of waste is produced around the world, and its disposal is usually destined for landfill or incineration, which can generate an important issue due to the high environmental risks. Polymer waste from 3D printing, hereinafter 3DPPW, has a relatively high calorific value and adequate characteristics to be valued in thermochemical processes. Gasification emerges as an innovative and alternative solution for recovering energy from 3DPPW, mixed with residues of lignocellulosic origin, and presents some environmental advantages compared to other types of thermochemical treatments, since the gasification process releases smaller amounts of NOx into the atmosphere, SOx, and CO2. In the case of the study, co-gasification of olive pomace (OLB) was carried out with small additions of 3DPPW (10% and 20%) at different temperatures. Comparing the different gasifications (100% OLB, 90% OLB + 10% 3DPPW, 80% OLB + 20% 3DPPW), the best results for the synthesis gas were obtained for the mixture of 10% 3DPPW and 90% olive pomace (OLB), having a lower calorific value of 6.16 MJ/m3, synthesis gas yield of 3.19%, and cold gas efficiency of 87.85% for a gasification temperature of 750 °C. In addition, the results demonstrate that the addition of 3DPPW improved the quality of syngas, especially between temperatures of 750 and 850 °C. Including polymeric 3D printing materials in the context of the circular economy and extending their life cycle helps to improve the efficiency of subsequent industrial processes, reducing process costs in general, thanks to the new industrial value acquired by the generated by-products.

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High-efficiency and low-pollutant waste polystyrene and waste polystyrene foam gasification: Comprehensive comparison analysis, multi-objective optimization and multi-criteria decision analysis

Cited by 34 publications

References 69 publications

A Thermo-Catalytic Pyrolysis of Polystyrene Waste Review: A Systematic, Statistical, and Bibliometric Approach

A Thermo-Catalytic Pyrolysis of Polystyrene Waste Review: A Systematic, Statistical, and Bibliometric Approach

Experimental Investigation on Air Gasification of Polypropylene Particles in a Microwave Fluidized Bed Reactor

Energy Recovery from Polymeric 3D Printing Waste and Olive Pomace Mixtures via Thermal Gasification—Effect of Temperature

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