High dynamic range CMOS image sensors in biomedical applications

Vatteroni, M.; Covi, D.; Stoppa, David; Crespi, B.; Sartori, A.

doi:10.1109/iembs.2007.4352915

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…8. Residual FPN in the high-light power region is 1.37% of the full signal range, i.e., four times lower than with a standard logarithmic pixel [23]. The main performance of the image sensor is summarized in Table I. The power responsivity results were compared with the model presented in Section II.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear–Logarithmic CMOS Pixel With Tunable Dynamic Range

Vatteroni

Valdastri

Sartori³

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices

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A CMOS pixel with linear-logarithmic response and programmable dynamic range (DR), based on a tunable transition point, has purposely been designed for endoscopic applications. A theoretical model of the pixel was developed and validated. A chip with a 100 × 100 pixel array and a 12-b digital output was fabricated in a 0.35-μm technology and was fully tested, thus demonstrating state-of-the-art performance in terms of DR and noise. Intraframe DR proved to be extendable to more than 110 dB through a logarithmic compression of the signal in the light irradiation power density (LIPD) range. The measured temporal noise (pixel noise) was less than 0.22% over the full range. The architecture presented limited fixed pattern noise (FPN) due to the scheme adopted, which allowed its correction over the full signal range: FPN was 0.83% (1.37%) in the linear (logarithmic) region. Although the test chip was designed mainly for endoscopic applications, the technology may also be applied to other fields, e.g., robotics, security and industrial automation, whenever high DR is a crucial feature.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear–Logarithmic CMOS Pixel With Tunable Dynamic Range

Vatteroni

Valdastri

Sartori³

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices

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“…CMOS image sensors are replacing CCD in many applications, with characteristics related to the possibility to directly interface the photosensitive device with electronic read-out at the pixel level and with better on-chip functionality [55]. Recently, with such applications like motion detection, mobile-phones, wearable devices and especially in bio-medical applications such as in-vivo imaging sensors [56], a sensor device that enables the multi-functional recording of brain activities such as intrinsic optical signals (IOS), electroencephalogram (EEG), imaging and electrical stimulation that can be utilized for diagnosis during surgical procedure [57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vein Pattern Locating Technology for Cannulation: A Review of the Low-Cost Vein Finder Prototypes Utilizing near Infrared (NIR) Light to Improve Peripheral Subcutaneous Vein Selection for Phlebotomy

Pan

Francisco

Yen

et al. 2019

Sensors

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One of the most common means for diagnosis is through medical laboratory testing, which primarily uses venous blood as a sample. This requires an invasive method by cannulation that needs proper vein selection. The use of a vein finder would help the phlebotomist to easily locate the vein, preventing possible pre-analytical error in the specimen collection and even more discomfort and pain to the patient. This paper is a review of the scientific publications on the different developed low-cost vein finder prototypes utilizing camera assisted near infrared (NIR) light technology. Methods: Electronic databases were searched online, these included PubMed (PMC), MEDLINE, Science Direct, ResearchGate, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Xplore digital library. Specifically, publications with the terms vein finder prototype, NIR technology, vein detection, and infrared imaging were screened. In addition, reference lists were used to further review related publications. Results: Cannulation challenges medical practitioners because of the different factors that can be reduced by the utilization of a vein finder. A limited number of publications regarding the assessment of personnel performing cannulation were observed. Moreover, variations in methodology, number of patients, type of patients according to their demographics and materials used in the assessment of the developed prototypes were noted. Some studies were limited with regard to the actual human testing of the prototype. Conclusions: The development of a low-cost effective near infrared (NIR) vein finder remains in the phase of improvement. Since, it is being challenged by different human factors, increasing the number of parameters and participants/human for actual testing of the prototypes must also be taken into consideration for possible commercialization. Finally, it was noted that publications regarding the assessment of the performance of phlebotomists using vein finders were limited.

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