Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information ABSTRACT Background: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a new therapeutic paradigm for treating localized tumors outside of the central nervous system and involves delivering very high doses of focused radiation using unique beam arrangements and special immobilization equipment. It has also been shown recently that many prostate cancers may be better controlled using large dose per fraction treatments such as might be delivered by SBRT. While large dose per fraction treatments are facilitated by new generation radiation delivery equipment, technology cannot independently overcome normal tissue consequences to tubular organs adjacent or within targets (e.g., the urethra and rectum for prostate cancer). As such, careful prospective clinical trials must be designed that appropriate bridge the information learned from laboratory testing, historical clinical experience, and the clinical experience with SBRT from other sites in order to test this new therapy for prostate cancer. Objective: Our goal is ultimately to carry out a prospective phase I/II trial of SBRT for treatment of localized prostate cancer such that its true efficacy and toxicity might be characterized. The objective of this application is to establish the collaborations necessary for formulating these protocols, write the protocols, assemble the clinical research infrastructure necessary for submitting the protocols, set up mechanisms for multi-center participation with our center acting as the coordinating center, recruiting, enrolling, treating and following patients, and to support the research infrastructure and clinical researchers performing these tasks Specific Aims: 1) Perform dosimetric evaluation of optimal beam geometry, beam shaping and intensity mapping in conjunction with physical maneuvers to avoid damaging dose to normal tissues. 2) Form relationships and agreements with important collaborators both at our institution and at a limited number of outside institutions that will facilitate the ultimate success of a clinical protocol. 3) Construct a protocol for testing very large dose per fraction radiation that properly selects patients, requires uniform SBRT treatment, and defines adequate follow-up toward measuring the defined endpoints. 4) Devise strategies for recruitment of the appropriate patient population for the protocol. 5) Develop a rudimentary information system capable of patient related data exchange between departments and institutions. Study Design: This development effort will employ a team appro...