High Capacitive Antimonene/CNT/PANI Free‐Standing Electrodes for Flexible Supercapacitor Engaged with Self‐Healing Function

Abstract

As a conductive polymer, polyaniline (PANI) has been broadly utilized as an electrode material for highperformance SCs thanks to its large specific capacitance, [3,4] outstanding flexibility, [5][6][7] and environmental stability, let alone its easy synthesis. [8][9][10] Although PANI exhibits a satisfying performance in SCs, its relatively low electric and ionic conductivity resulting from agglomeration will lead to a sluggish redox reaction and thus a deteriorated capacitance under high current density. [11][12][13] This problem should weaken the practicality of PANI electrodes to a certain degree. According to the successful experience of other electrodes that have solved the similar problems, [14][15][16] it is preferable to combine the pseudocapacitive PANI with some conductive and porous materials, which can assist PANI to achieve its full potential via the synergistic effects. [10,[17][18][19] For instance, 2D materials (e.g., graphene) with large and adjustable surfaces could load a large number of PANI nanoparticles with good homogeneity via different means, guaranteeing a fast redox reaction and then a decent rate capability. [17,18,[20][21][22] As an important member of 2D materials, antimonene (Sb) nanosheets present not only a large surface area and high conductivity, [23,24] but also excellent mechanical strength and flexibility. [25,26] A preliminary researchIn virtue of the high electrochemical activity and inherent flexibility, polyaniline (PANI) is an ideal electrode material for flexible supercapacitors (SCs). However, in practical applications, the inevitable agglomeration of PANI leads to low capacitance, poor rate performance, and cycling stability. Here, antimonene (Sb) nanosheets with ultrathin thickness, excellent mechanical strength, and flexibility are introduced into the carbon nanotube (CNT) framework for PANI electrodeposition via simple vacuum filtration, which enables the continuous and uniform growth of PANI. The resultant free-standing Sb/CNT/PANI electrode can thus exhibit a high specific capacitance of 578.57 F g −1 together with a high rate capability. Besides, thanks to the introduction of Sb nanosheets, the agglomeration of PANI during the electrodeposition is improved, which correspondingly alleviates the structural deterioration of PANI during repeated charge/discharge. Thus, the flexible SC assembled by Sb/CNT/PANI electrodes demonstrates both an impressive specific capacitance of 416 F g −1 and outstanding cycling stability over 12 000 cycles. Moreover, this SC device can have a practical self-healing function by employing self-healable polyurethane. The facile strategy reported herein sheds light on the design of high-performance flexible SCs, catering to the needs of portable and wearable electronics.

Developing a p-Toluenesulfonic Acid Monohydrate-Assisted Electrodeposition Method To Synthesize an Additive-Free Polypyrrole Cathode for High-Rate Stability and High Gravimetric/Volumetric Capacity Li-Ion Batteries

“…As compared to that of thicker PPy-ED-1 film and PPy-Chem, PPy-ED-3 thin film exhibits much higher strengths of −NH + – and −N +  peaks, demonstrating that thinner PPy-ED film could own more proportions of active sites and exhibit higher improvements of conductivity . Besides, high-resolution S 2p XPS spectra in Figures f, S3d, and S4d show the successful doping of p-toluenesulfonic acid. − …”

Recent progress in polyaniline-based composites as electrode materials for pliable supercapacitors

“…The consistency of the capacitance was checked after the damage and found to be persistent. 100 MXene has emerged as a spatial 2D material resembling graphene, with the potential for application in the field of SCs owing to its attractive conductivity and hydrophilicity. The as-synthesized CNTs and Ti 3 C 2 T x were blended to obtain a composite using vacuum filtration, and polyaniline was then infused into the composite to bring about a film.…”

Facile Construction of Three-Dimensional Architectures of a Nanostructured Polypyrrole on Carbon Nanotube Fibers and Their Effect on Supercapacitor Performance

“…CPs, such as polypyrrole (PPy), polyaniline, and polythiophene, have been widely used as electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their good electrical conductivities and fast redox electrocatalytic activities. − However, the short cycle lives of CPs seriously restrict their applications in supercapacitors. Therefore, many efforts have been recently made to synthesize hybrid electrodes of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and CPs, which combine the advantages of both, to fabricate supercapacitors with high performance. − Among CPs, PPy is one of the most important supercapacitor materials due to its high redox pseudocapacitive charge storage, facile synthesis, and low cost. − Recently, PPy/CNT hybrid fibers have been researched intensively for electrodes of FSSCs. − However, it still remains a great challenge to realize high-performance flexible FSSCs based on PPy/CNT hybrid fibers. , To further improve the capacitive performance of PPy/CNT hybrid fiber electrodes, smaller-scale and hierarchical nano-/microstructures are of great importance for reducing the ion diffusion length and enhance the rate performance of the electrode during the charge/discharge process. − …”