Facile Construction of Three-Dimensional Architectures of a Nanostructured Polypyrrole on Carbon Nanotube Fibers and Their Effect on Supercapacitor Performance

Abstract

Conducting polymer and carbon nanotube hybrids have been researched intensively in recent years for electrodes of fiber-shaped supercapacitors (FSSCs) toward flexible and wearable energy storage devices. Here, three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical polypyrrole (PPy)/carbon nanotube fiber (CNTF) architectures have been prepared by a facial electrodeposition method for flexible FSSC electrodes. PPy nanoparticles, vertically aligned nanowire arrays (VANAs), and nanowire networks were synthesized on CNTFs, respectively, to construct three types of 3D architectures by controlling the electrodeposition condition of PPy. The influence of the 3D architectures of PPy/CNTF electrodes on the performance of the assembled quasi-solid-state FSSCs has been carefully studied. The FSSCs with PPy VANAs showed a much higher specific capacitance than that with PPy nanoparticles because the hierarchical porous structure of PPy VANAs provides a higher accessibility of electrolytic ions and a higher Coulombic efficiency than that with the PPy nanowire network. The PPy VANA-/CNTF-based FSSCs displayed high flexibility, stability, and a specific capacitance of 178.14 F g–1 at 0.4 A g–1, which is much higher than that based on common PPy cauliflower-like film/CNTF electrodes (92.06 F g–1) and pure CNTF electrodes (8.48 F g–1) under the same conditions, demonstrating the great advantages of the 3D hierarchical structure.

Joule Heating Activation of Template‐Mediated Carbon Fibers with Significantly Enhanced Capacitive Performance

“…One can see that the capacitance loss as the current increases is higher than those of the previous carbon-based FSC. [50][51][52] This can be ascribed to the severely damaged graphitization structure in the electrode surface and the enhanced charge and ion transfer impedance. The detailed charge transfer behavior is further characterized by EIS measurement and the result is shown in Figure 6d.…”

Tough and Strain-Sensitive Organohydrogels Based on MXene and PEDOT/PSS and Their Effects on Mechanical Properties and Strain-Sensing Performance

“…Flexible conductive materials have attracted much attention for their wide applications in wearable and soft electronics, such as medical monitoring, human–computer interaction, and energy storage devices. − So far, various flexible conductive materials have been developed for these applications, including conductive hydrogels, liquid metals, carbon materials, conductive polymers, and metal substrates. , Among them, conductive hydrogels, composed of a 3D polymer network and a large amount of water/solvent, are one class of the most popular candidate materials for preparing wearable and soft electronics due to their unique properties, including high stretchability, good biocompatibility, resemblance to living tissues, tunable conductivity, and softness. , In recent years, various conductive hydrogels have been developed for preparing wearable electronics and devices, such as mechanical sensors, electronic skin, and soft robotics . However, practical application of conductive hydrogels still faces challenges.…”

Doping Effect of Anthraquinone-Based Sulfate on the Supercapacitive Performance of Metal–Organic Framework/Polypyrrole Composites

“…Polypyrrole (PPy) has been extensively investigated as a supercapacitor electrode material due to its high conductivity and unique doping–dedoping behavior. In recent years, PPy-based composites as supercapacitor electrodes, such as PPy/graphene, − PPy/carbon nanotube, − and PPy/MOF − composites have been intensively studied due to their synergistic effects and excellent supercapacitve performances. Especially, the hybridization of MOFs with PPy, by in situ polymerization, is an effective strategy to interconnect MOFs with conducting polymer chains to form efficient and stable conducting pathways.…”