High altitude retinopathy

Bhende, Muna; Karpe, Aashraya; Pal, Bikramjit P

doi:10.4103/0301-4738.112163

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It has been speculated that the reason for a few reports of retinal artery occlusion secondary to high-altitude exposure might be that some clinicians do not master the pathogeny of retinal vascular occlusion, thus do not inquire the patient’s travel history or consider high altitude as a risk factor. Possible reasons for retinal artery occlusion secondary to high-altitude exposure may be related to hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and blood viscosity that were all increased in the hematologic examination of high-altitude climbers, which indicated the higher coagulative activity, as the present case shown [ 1 ]. The patient was in a state of hypercoagulability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

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Branch retinal artery occlusion secondary to high-altitude exposure and diabetic retinopathy: a case report

Xue¹,

Wang²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

BMC Ophthalmol

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Background To report a case of branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) secondary to high-altitude exposure and diabetic retinopathy (DR), and to characterize the retinal changes before and after hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment. Case presentation We present a case of a 42-year-old man with DR who travelled to Tibet (in China, 3800 m/12467 ft. above mean sea level). The day after the end of his journey, the patient presented with acute, painless visual loss and visual field loss in his left eye. He was then diagnosed with BRAO, which is an acute blockage of blood flow. After HBO treatment, visual acuity and visual field were improved. Conclusions High-altitude exposure and DR may be considered as relevant risk factors for BRAO. The ophthalmologist should be aware that the BRAO might be a rare presenting sign of high-altitude retinopathy (HAR), particularly in patients with DR. HBO treatment can be considered as a choice for ophthalmologists on treatment against BRAO.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Travelling to altitudes of 2500 m or more may put people at risk of high-altitude retinopathy (HAR), which is an acquired vascular retinopathy characterized by dilated veins and retinal hemorrhages [ 1 ]. Usually, vision is not affected by HAR unless it involves the macula [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Branch retinal artery occlusion secondary to high-altitude exposure and diabetic retinopathy: a case report

Xue¹,

Wang²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

BMC Ophthalmol

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“…The most widely accepted is the autoregulation theory: compensatory mechanisms in the retinal vasculature, such as vasodilatation which serves to increase retinal blood flow, are initiated secondary to hypoxia. 11,12 Risk factors for the development of retinal haemorrhages include extreme physical strain 13 and a higher baseline intraocular pressure. 14…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary embolism, frostbite and high-altitude retinopathy – a combination of life- and sight-threatening vascular complications at high altitude

et al. 2018

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The effects of high altitude on the human vascular system are well described. This case demonstrates an interesting combination of vascular complications at high altitude which were both life-and sight-threatening. In May 2017, during an attempt on Mount Everest, a 58-year-old man was forced to descend from 8000 m because of adverse weather. He suffered significant frostbite of his right hand, later requiring termination of the distal phalanx of one of the affected digits. He also experienced increasing breathlessness and went on to develop pleuritic chest pain. A CT pulmonary angiogram performed upon return to sea level revealed multiple small sub-segmental pulmonary emboli. He was anticoagulated for three months and made a full recovery. The patient also reported visual loss in the left eye and on ophthalmic examination was found to have multiple retinal haemorrhages including a left macular haemorrhage, consistent with high altitude retinopathy. The retinal haemorrhages settled with conservative management. The vascular complications suffered by this patient demonstrate the potentially fatal changes that can occur at altitude. They also serve to act as a reminder for physicians, even at sea level of the potential complications in patients returning from high altitude.

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“…Although both blot and blotchy hemorrhages are hemorrhages in the deep retinal layers, blotchy hemorrhages are larger in size due to capillary rupture in comparison with blot hemorrhage. [ 6 ] The affected babies were followed up for 8 to 12 weeks, at weekly intervals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinopathy of prematurity screening and retinal hemorrhages – Our experience among Indian babies

Hemalatha

Kalpana

Shilpa

et al. 2021

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of intraocular hemorrhages among babies screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and thereby their additional risk to the progression of ROP. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted at a tertiary referral hospital, which included 108 eyes of 60 neonates who were discovered to have retinal hemorrhages on retinal screening of 540 babies at risk for ROP. Maternal, obstetric, and neonatal risk factors were assessed in neonates with retinal hemorrhages. Retinal hemorrhages were assessed in terms of type, area, and relation to different retinal zones. Results: Among 540 neonates who were screened, retinal hemorrhages were found in 11.2% ( n = 60 babies). Elderly primigravida mothers and spontaneous vaginal deliveries with prolonged second stage of labor were a common maternal risk factors for retinal hemorrhages. Low birth weight and preterm were fetal risk factors with neonatal retinal hemorrhages. These hemorrhages were more often bilateral (no. of babies = 48, 80%). Flame-shaped hemorrhages were more common than dot and blot ones. The majority of cases (no. of eyes = 74, 65%) resolved within 4 weeks, whereas four babies (8 eyes, 7.4%) progressed to ROP were treated with laser. Conclusion: Retinal hemorrhages in neonates are commonly associated with prolonged duration of second stage of labor, advanced maternal age, and anemia. Although not all progress to ROP, recognizing preterm and low birth weight babies with junctional hemorrhages is crucial not to delay the treatment. Regular follow-up until the clearance of hemorrhages and monitoring systemic conditions in these babies of amblyogenic age-group are required.

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High altitude retinopathy

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Branch retinal artery occlusion secondary to high-altitude exposure and diabetic retinopathy: a case report

Branch retinal artery occlusion secondary to high-altitude exposure and diabetic retinopathy: a case report

Pulmonary embolism, frostbite and high-altitude retinopathy – a combination of life- and sight-threatening vascular complications at high altitude

Retinopathy of prematurity screening and retinal hemorrhages – Our experience among Indian babies

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