Hierarchical Patterning of Cells with a Microeraser and Electrospun Nanofibers

Han

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

et al. 2019

The cellular microenvironment plays an important role in regulating cancer progress. Cancer can physically and chemically remodel its surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Critical cellular behaviors such as recognition of matrix geometry and rigidity, cell polarization and motility, cytoskeletal reorganization, and proliferation can be changed as a consequence of these ECM alternations. Here, we present an overview of cancer mechanobiology in detail, focusing on cancer microenvironmental sensing of exogenous cues and quantification of cancer−substrate interactions. In addition, mechanics of metastasis classified with tumor progression will be discussed. The mechanism underlying cancer mechanosensation and tumor progression may provide new insights into therapeutic strategies to alleviate cancer malignancy.

Section: Cancer Mechanosensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Mechanobiology: Microenvironmental Sensing and Metastasis

Han

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

et al. 2019

“…A contact-erasing system—termed µ-eraser strategy—has been engineered to fabricate a co-culture micropattern arrangement, which involves pressing a stamp to induce cell lysis and then seeding another type of cell on the empty regions. 61 The incorporation of a fluorescent lipophilic dye into one of the cell types would then make it possible to seed two cellularly distinguishable populations. Non-labelled cells could be specifically irradiated using partial shielding with a grid that resembles the original cell pattern.…”

Section: The Bystander Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation-induced bystander and abscopal effects: important lessons from preclinical models

Daguenet¹,

Louati²,

Wozny³

et al. 2020

Br J Cancer

Radiotherapy is a pivotal component in the curative treatment of patients with localised cancer and isolated metastasis, as well as being used as a palliative strategy for patients with disseminated disease. The clinical efficacy of radiotherapy has traditionally been attributed to the local effects of ionising radiation, which induces cell death by directly and indirectly inducing DNA damage, but substantial work has uncovered an unexpected and dual relationship between tumour irradiation and the host immune system. In clinical practice, it is, therefore, tempting to tailor immunotherapies with radiotherapy in order to synergise innate and adaptive immunity against cancer cells, as well as to bypass immune tolerance and exhaustion, with the aim of facilitating tumour regression. However, our understanding of how radiation impacts on immune system activation is still in its early stages, and concerns and challenges regarding therapeutic applications still need to be overcome. With the increasing use of immunotherapy and its common combination with ionising radiation, this review briefly delineates current knowledge about the non-targeted effects of radiotherapy, and aims to provide insights, at the preclinical level, into the mechanisms that are involved with the potential to yield clinically relevant combinatorial approaches of radiotherapy and immunotherapy.

“…In another study, Khademhosseini et al made reversibly sealed microfluidic channels to form a multiphenotype array of cells on the substrate . Another research group reported a micro-eraser strategy to form multicell micropatterns . They pressed a poly(dimethylsiloxane) stamp to erase growing cells and then seeded a second cell type on the same substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…43 Another research group reported a microeraser strategy to form multicell micropatterns. 44 They pressed a poly(dimethylsiloxane) stamp to erase growing cells and then seeded a second cell type on the same substrate. They also studied the effect of microstripes and nanofibers on cell orientation and migration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting Substrate Cues for Co-Culturing Cells in a Micropattern

2021

Spatial distribution of cells and their interactions between neighboring cells in native microenvironments are of fundamental importance in determining cell fate decisions such as migration, growth, and differentiation. Controlling the spatial distribution of different cell types in defined geometries can replicate these native environments, which can be a useful model for several studies. While spatiotemporal control over multiple cell arrangements is required to achieve the complex tissue architecture, unfortunately, conventional cell patterning techniques usually allow only single patterning with a single cell type. In the present study, we introduce a simple lithographic method to pattern multiple cell types in a spatially controlled manner by utilizing the biophysical cues present at the corners of the patterned geometry. By fabricating micropatterns of different shapes, we demonstrate how the cell can be constrained to pattern along the corners of patterned geometries owing to the presence of topographical cues, leaving empty voids in the center that can be further utilized for patterning a second cell type. We also demonstrate that the cell alignment along the pattern is a dynamic process and the cells migrate from a more uniform cell-adhesive region toward the topographical cues. The cytoskeleton arrangement was geometry-dependent, which was confirmed through a series of in vitro evaluations, such as scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. These findings have not only helped us in exploring the importance of these cues in guiding the cell fate but have also allowed us to develop a technique, which self-patterns the cells without any expensive exogenous cues and can be used as a model protocol to eventually organize cells into a specific pattern with micron-scale precision in vitro.