The carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) presents the opportunity to consume CO 2 and produce desirable products. However, the alkaline conditions required for productive CO 2 RR result in the bulk of input CO 2 being lost to bicarbonate and carbonate. This loss imposes a 25% limit on the conversion of CO 2 to multicarbon (C 2+ ) products for systems that use anions as the charge carrierand overcoming this limit is a challenge of singular importance to the field. Here, we find that cation exchange membranes (CEMs) do not provide the required locally alkaline conditions, and bipolar membranes (BPMs) are unstable, delaminating at the membrane−membrane interface. We develop a permeable CO 2 regeneration layer (PCRL) that provides an alkaline environment at the CO 2 RR catalyst surface and enables local CO 2 regeneration. With the PCRL strategy, CO 2 crossover is limited to 15% of the amount of CO 2 converted into products, in all cases. Low crossover and low flow rate combine to enable a single pass CO 2 conversion of 85% (at 100 mA/cm 2 ), with a C 2+ faradaic efficiency and full cell voltage comparable to the anion-conducting membrane electrode assembly.

No abstract

The process of CO2 valorizationfrom capture of CO2 to its electrochemical upgraderequires significant inputs in each of the capture, upgrade, and separation steps. Here we report an electrolyzer that upgrades carbonate electrolyte from CO2 capture solution to syngas, achieving 100% carbon utilization across the system. A bipolar membrane is used to produce proton in situ to facilitate CO2 release at the membrane:catalyst interface from the carbonate solution. Using a Ag catalyst, we generate syngas at a 3:1 H2:CO ratio, and the product is not diluted by CO2 at the gas outlet; we generate this pure syngas product stream at a current density of 150 mA/cm2 and an energy efficiency of 35%. The carbonate-to-syngas system is stable under a continuous 145 h of catalytic operation. The work demonstrates the benefits of coupling CO2 electrolysis with a CO2 capture electrolyte on the path to practicable CO2 conversion technologies.

The distinct spatial architecture of the apical actin cables (or actin cap) facilitates rapid biophysical signaling between extracellular mechanical stimuli and intracellular responses, including nuclear shaping, cytoskeletal remodeling, and the mechanotransduction of external forces into biochemical signals. These functions are abrogated in lamin A/C-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts that recapitulate the defective nuclear organization of laminopathies, featuring disruption of the actin cap. However, how nuclear lamin A/C mediates the ability of the actin cap to regulate nuclear morphology remains unclear. Here, we show that lamin A/C expressing cells can form an actin cap to resist nuclear deformation in response to physiological mechanical stresses. This study reveals how the nuclear lamin A/C-mediated formation of the perinuclear apical actin cables protects the nuclear structural integrity from extracellular physical disturbances. Our findings highlight the role of the physical interactions between the cytoskeletal network and the nucleus in cellular mechanical homeostasis.

We report formate production via CO2 electroreduction at a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 93% and a partial current density of 930 mA cm -2 , an activity level of potential industrial interest based on prior techno-economic analyses. We devise a novel catalyst synthesized using InP colloidal quantum dots (CQDs): the capping ligand exchange introduces surface sulfur, and XPS reveals the generation, operando, of an active catalyst exhibiting sulfur-protected oxidized indium and indium metal. Surface indium metal sites adsorb and reduce CO2 molecules, while