Hierarchical linear modeling as an example for measuring change over time in a leadership development evaluation context

Gentry, William A.; Martineau, Jennifer

doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.06.007

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“… Avolio, Mhatre, et al (), Avolio, Walumbwa, et al (), Bolden et al (, ), Dvir et al (), Gentry and Martineau (), Hardy et al (), Harris (), Harris et al (), Kelloway et al (), Martin et al (), Militello and Benham (), Spillane et al (, ). …”

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Leadership development in Higher Education: A literature review and implications for programme redesign

Dopson

Ferlı́e

McGivern

et al. 2018

Higher Education Quarterly

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Leadership development (LD) activity and its effectiveness has not been explored rigorously across changing university settings globally. As Higher Education settings change radically throughout the world, Higher Education professionals are operating in more uncertain environments, and leaders are taking increasingly complex and diverse approaches to their leadership roles. LD activities therefore become important in supporting this highly complex context, yet little is known in the literature about LD and its impact in Higher Education. We examine peer‐reviewed work on LD in Higher Education settings globally to understand what may be learned about its content, processes, outcomes and impact. Our results suggest the current literature is small‐scale, fragmented and often theoretically weak, with many different and coexisting models, approaches and methods, and little consensus on what may be suitable and effective in the Higher Education context. We reflect on this state of play and develop a novel theoretical approach for designing LD activity in Higher Education institutions.

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Leadership development in Higher Education: A literature review and implications for programme redesign

Dopson

Ferlı́e

McGivern

et al. 2018

Higher Education Quarterly

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“…Data appropriate for HLM must be nested in nature. Usually, the nested data contain at least two levels, in which entities at a lower level are nested within entities at a higher level (Gentry & Martineau, 2010). Multilevel analyses were performed using HLM 6.0, which can simultaneously survey relationships within a level and between levels where other analytic tools cannot.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multilevel analyses were performed using HLM 6.0, which can simultaneously survey relationships within a level and between levels where other analytic tools cannot. Generally, HLM allows researchers to test relationships involving predictors at two or more levels, and outcome variable at the lowest level (Gavin & Hofmann, 2002;Gentry & Martineau, 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female Workers’ Age and Position on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: The Moderator Role of Organization-Based Self-Esteem

Tsai

Chang

2012

jmr

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This study discusses the age and position of women in relation to elements of organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) at Level 1, with organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) as the moderator and independent variable at Level 2. However, participation does not achieve an acceptable standard and is removed from this study. Study 1 and Study 2 employ a hierarchical linear model (HLM) to explore the influence of age and position on obedience and loyalty, respectively, where OBSE is the moderator. This study investigates 391 females from 12 occupations and uses 349 pieces of data to obtain the HLM. The results of Studies 1 and 2 show that age is positively related to obedience and position negatively and related to loyalty, but that OBSE is positively related to obedience, and the moderating effect of OBSE only appears in the relationship between position and obedience in Study 1. This study exclusively investigates females, and hopes to provide avenues relating to the effects of age and position on OCB of males and females in future research. Furthermore, the future research hopes to develop the path about OCB generation based on obedience, loyalty, and participation.

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“…There are several options for measuring changes over time, including repeated measures, hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), ANOVA, multivariate repeated measures (MRM), or structural equation models (SEM) [52][53][54][55][56][57]. Among them, repeated measures and ANOVA don't allow for missing data in time periods, and MRM and SEW have limitations in dealing with the multilevel data [58]. Considering the inherent nature of time periods nested within regions of different economic development levels, HLM can describe the underlying structure and predictors of growth or change over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the inherent nature of time periods nested within regions of different economic development levels, HLM can describe the underlying structure and predictors of growth or change over time. HLM methodology has been widely used in many fields [58][59][60], and is proposed here as an appropriate multilevel tool to measure changes over time in MSW collection quantities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Differences in Municipal Solid Waste Collection Quantities in China

Zhou

Chu

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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The rapid growth in urban population has led to a dramatic increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, with ramifications more pronounced in developing countries. The regional Chinese governments have made great efforts to reduce MSW generation and collection quantities. However, the results of these efforts vary across cities. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the regional differences in MSW collection quantities. A two-level hierarchical linear model (HLM) was used to examine the variations in MSW collection quantities among 287 prefecture-level cites in China over the period from 2008 to 2017. The analysis reveals a strong negative correlation between the regional economic development level and the growth trend of MSW collection quantities. The empirical findings indicate that the level of economic development and waste collection measures are critical determinants of MSW collection quantities.

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Hierarchical linear modeling as an example for measuring change over time in a leadership development evaluation context

Cited by 22 publications

References 56 publications

Leadership development in Higher Education: A literature review and implications for programme redesign

Leadership development in Higher Education: A literature review and implications for programme redesign

Female Workers’ Age and Position on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: The Moderator Role of Organization-Based Self-Esteem

Regional Differences in Municipal Solid Waste Collection Quantities in China

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