Hidrolisado proteico de resíduo de sardinha como atrativo alimentar para juvenis de jundiá

Abstract

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a utilização do hidrolisado proteico de resíduo de sardinha como atrativo na alimentação do Rhamdia quelen. No experimento 1, foram utilizados os seguintes atrativos alimentares: 1. extrato aquoso de músculo de tilápia-do-Nilo (controle positivo); 2. hidrolisado proteico de resíduo de sardinha com baixo grau de hidrólise (GH); 3. hidrolisado proteico de resíduo de sardinha com alto GH; 4. hidrolisado proteico de resíduo de sardinha com alto GH diluído (10% da concentração) e 5. controle usando somente água destilada. Após jejum de 48 horas, o comportamento foi registrado em vídeo por um período basal de dois minutos e por mais 18 minutos após a inoculação do atrativo. O delineamento foi inteiramente ao acaso, com três tratamentos e 20 repetições. O experimento 2 foi realizado para avaliar a capacidade do hidrolisado proteico de estimular a ingestão de alimento em juvenis de jundiá. Para isso, foram confeccionados pellets de ágar contendo ou não hidrolisado proteico de resíduo de sardinha. Os peixes foram avaliados individualmente e tiveram um período de adaptação de sete dias. Os resultados foram analisados por meio do teste de proporção de Goodman (1964). A inoculação dos hidrolisados com alto e baixo GH aumentou o tempo de movimentação dos barbilhões. O hidrolisado com alto GH diluído proporcionou os mesmos resultados que o hidrolisado com baixo GH , mas as médias não diferiram das obtidas para a água destilada (controle negativo) e do extrato de músculo. O incremento na movimentação de um lado para outro do aquário foi maior (P<0,05) para os hidrolisados com alto e baixo GH. No experimento 2, a proporção de peixes que ingeriu os pellets contendo hidrolisado proteico de resíduo de sardinha com alto GH foi maior (P<0,05) em relação aos que ingeriram os pellets contendo água destilada. O hidrolisado proteico foi eficiente para estimular o comportamento associado à alimentação em juvenis de Rhamdia quelen.

Attractability and palatability of liquid protein hydrolysates for Nile tilapia juveniles

“…Hu et al () indicated a positive correlation associated to the improvement of palatability in replacement of fishmeal by other protein ingredients of animal origin with the supplementation of lysine and methionine in diets for gibel carp ( Carassius auratus gibelio ). Similarly, Broggi () observed that R. quelen juveniles fed with protein hydrolysates made of sardine waste (with high and low hydrolysis degree) were more active in the search for the feed in comparison to other treatments containing an muscle extract of Nile tilapia (positive control) or distilled water (negative control), which favoured the ingestion of the test diet. When studying the inclusion of liquid protein hydrolysates of swine mucus (PHM) and poultry (PHF) in replacement of fishmeal for Nile tilapia juveniles, the present study minors attractability and palatability indices in comparison to our previous study (Alves, Oliveira, et al, ; 2.82%, 2.74% vs. 16.08%, 14.73%), which might be induced by minor crude protein content in the current experimental diets (41%, 45% vs. 59.28%, 78.18%) and minor free amino acid content in the hydrolysates in form liquid (8.86%, 3.22% vs. 30.06%, 13.17%).…”

“…However, in this study the liquid porcine mucous hydrolysate presented 70% less free amino acids in comparison to the swine mucous hydrolysate based on its dry matter, as well as the poultry liquid hydrolysate, which had 75.5% less free amino acids in comparison to the dry material. Broggi et al () evaluated a diluted protein hydrolysate made of sardine waste (concentration of 10%) for R. quelen juveniles and highlighted that no differences were found in comparison to both negative (distilled water) and positive (extract of Nile tilapia muscle), but the authors mentioned that the sardine hydrolysate (with a degree of hydrolysis of 22%) presented better results in relation to attractiveness. The low attractiveness and palatability indexes in this study containing the diets PHF and PHM may be related to the fact that the hydrolysates were used in liquid form with low concentration for diets PHM e PHF (concentration of 5%; Table ).…”

“…The hydrolysis process is a chemical reaction that modifies the functional properties of the feed and promotes the breakdown of proteins in amino acids and multiple-sized peptides with high protein value, which are easily absorbed by the animals (Mullen et al, 2017;Ronnestad, Kamisaka, Conceição, Morais, & Tonheim, 2007;Toldrá, Mora, & Reig, 2016;Wisuthiphaet, Kongruang, & Chamcheun, 2015). Therefore, it provides the break of long protein structures, resulting in nitrogen compounds of low molecular weight, which may act as food attractants, since these are detected by the gustatory tract of the fish (Broggi, Wosniak, Uczay, Pessati, & Fabregat, 2017;Halver & Hardy, 2002).…”

“…Several investigations have been carried out with fish protein hydrolysates and mixtures of other slaughtered animals as a nutritional component of diets, in the initial developmental stages of several fish species, and demonstrated positive effects in productive performance, immunological activities and digestibility (Bernardi et al, 2016;Broggi et al, 2017;Bui, Khosravi, Fourmier, Herault, & Lee, 2014;Chotikachinda, Tantikitti, Benjakul, Rustad, & Kumarnsit, 2013;Decarli et al, 2016;Silva et al, 2017). The inclusion of sardine protein hydrolysate with high hydrolysis degree stimulated the search for food in Rhamdia quelen juveniles (Broggi et al, 2017). Alves, Silva, et al (2019) observed that Nile tilapia juveniles (O. niloticus) fed with dry poultry protein hydrolysates in replacement of fishmeal presented better results regarding attractability and palatability.…”

Nutrition and Feeding Aspects for Jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) Rhamdia quelen Nutrition and Feeding

“…The jundi a or silver catfish is an omnivorous species with a tendency towards carnivorous habits, due to its preference for fish, crustaceans, insects, plant remains and organic debris (Broggi et al 2017). In addition, its anatomical characteristics, such as a simple intestinal tract, without the presence of a pyloric caecum or gizzard, short and spaced gill rakers and a small intestine, are similar to those present in carnivorous fish (Baldisserotto 2009).…”