HFRR Studies on Methyl Esters of Nonedible Vegetable Oils

Abstract

The article describes the systematic studies on the lubrication properties of biodiesel, low sulfur diesel fuel, and their blends. Biodiesel from nonedible oils (e.g., Jatropha curcas, Pongamia glabra, Madhuca indica, and Salvadora oleoides) were prepared by base-catalyzed transesterification using methanol; high-speed diesel (HSD) used was from Panipat refinery. The lubricity evaluation of biodiesel and its blends (5-50%) was carried out as per the ISO-12156 method using high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) test rig. The results indicate that addition of biodiesel to HSD improves the lubricity and provides a stable film on the metal surface. Addition of biodiesel substantially reduces wear scar diameter (WSD). The results were also comparable with pure ester-type compounds synthesized in our laboratory. We concluded that the preferred range of blending biodiesel is 5-20%. WSD of neat HSD is around 0.37 mm, whereas that of all four biodiesels is below 0.20 mm, which is around 50% or less than HSD used. The reduction in WSD at 5% blend is not appreciable except in the case of Salvadora biodiesel, which contains a high percentage of sulfur. At 20% level, around 45% reduction in WSD can be achieved.

Biodiesel production, properties, and feedstocks

“…However, the petrodiesel standards, ASTM D975 and EN 590, contain maximum allowable wear scar limits of 520 and 460 μm, respectively. Biodiesel possesses inherently good lubricity, especially when compared to petrodiesel (Drown et al 2001;Hughes et al 2002;Goodrum and Geller 2005;Hu et al 2005;Knothe and Steidley 2005b;Bhatnagar et al 2006;. For instance, the lubricity of ULSD (without lubricity-enhancing additives) is 551 μm, whereas SME displays a substantially lower value of 162 μm (Moser et al 2008b).…”

“…Refer to Table 8 for a summary of the effects of various structural features on the lubricities of FAAE. Among biodiesel fuels prepared from a variety of feedstocks, some variability exists between fuels, but they are all essentially in the range of 120-200 μm, which is superior to neat ULSD (without additives; Drown et al 2001;Bhatnagar et al 2006;.…”

Lubricity Improvement of the Ultra-low Sulfur Diesel Fuel with the Biodiesel

“…The test was conducted in a four-ball tribometer. Bhatnagar et al [24] found almost 45% reduction of WSD for inedible feedstocks derived biodiesel from Jatropha curcus, Pongamia glabra, Madhuca india and Salvadora oleoides compared to the high speed diesel fuel in a HFRR test rig. They found that up to 20% blend of these biodiesel fuels exhibited improved lubricity.…”

Eco‐Friendly Vegetable Oil‐Based Metalworking Fluid (MWFs) from Modification of Glycolyzed Products of Polyurethane

“…In the presence of GPUO and GPUC additives, the viscosities of the formulations were at their maximum, while the formulations containing GPUL, GPUA, and GPUB had lower viscosities. Kinematic viscosities at 40°C of rapeseed oil, coconut oil, and castor oil are 50.6 cSt [53], 30.7 cSt [54], and 93.4 cSt [55], respectively. The kinematic viscosity of the formulated metalworking fluids that contained castor oil ranged between 100 and 109 cSt, while those containing rapeseed oil were 73-96 cSt, and those containing coconut oil were 75-98 cSt.…”