Heterocyclic aromatic amine content in pre-processed meat cuts produced in Canada

Evaluation of different liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry systems for the analysis of heterocyclic amines

“…In the last few years, several laboratories have worked with atmospheric pressure ionisation sources for the determination of HAs by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), using different analysers. Among them, single and triple quadrupole in selected ion monitoring (SIM) acquisition mode have been the most frequently used [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Nevertheless, in the last few years, the selectivity provided by the triple quadrupole analyser working in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode has allowed limits of detection to be decreased [30][31][32] in complex samples.…”

Determination of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA) in commercially available meat products and fish by high performance liquid chromatography—Electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS-MS)

“…Human epidemiological studies indicate a positive correlation between the consumption of cooked meat or meat products and the etiology of colon cancer [11,12]. Despite some recently published data about the amounts of HAA in fast-food meat products [13,14] and commercially available cooked foods [15,16], there is still information lacking to establish a sufficient analytical base for risk evaluation. Most studies comprised a limited number of HAA or used only the Ames Salmonella test.…”

Analytical methods applied to the determination of heterocyclic aromatic amines in foods

“…Consequently, in the case of processed food flavours, pan residues, bouillon concentrates, etc., some authors [42,66,70,73,80,89,95] have recommended additional steps and improvements in the clean-up procedure. Stavric et al [50][51][52] used a LLE procedure, in which, samples were acidified with HCl and extracted with dichloromethane and further purification was carried out by consecutive acid-base (HCl-NaOH) partition processes with dichloromethane. The obtained extracts were undergone at additional clean-up, due to the complexity of sample matrices in order to facilitate identification and quantification by LC/MS analysis.…”

“…If the obtained solution is basic, HAAs can be extracted with dichloromethane in their neutral form [12,48,49]. Frequently, further purification is carried out by consecutive acid-base partition processes with dichloromethane [44,46,[50][51][52] or by combination with extraction using sorbents, such as Kieselgur [42], Extrelut NT [45,49,[53][54][55], diatomaceous earth, or with Blue Rayon [46]. These materials can be added to the liquid in the batch mode or, more frequently, as a support in a chromatographic column.…”

“…Analytical sensitivity and selectivity can be optimized by combining different sorbents and eluents, or by coupling different sorbents in tandem [1,5,7,8,11,12,18,24,42,44,45,48,49,[51][52][53][54][55][56]58,. Some methods are based on the HAAs extraction by sample alkalinisation and subsequent extraction with kieselgur [109] or with diatomaceous earth (Extrelut-20) [1,5,8,9,11,41,45,[53][54][55][56]66,67,[69][70][71][72][73][74][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86]…”