Heritabilities of Common and Measure-Specific Components of the Big Five Personality Factors

Loehlin, John C.; McCrae, Robert R.; Costa, Paul T.; John, Oliver P.

doi:10.1006/jrpe.1998.2225

Cited by 277 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(19 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

148

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…From a developmental perspective it is unclear whether attentional biases drive the development of personality or vice versa, as there is evidence of genetic components to both attention (Faraone et al, 2005;Fossella et al, 2002) and personality (Jang, Livesley, & Vemon, 1996;Loehlin, McCrae, Costa, & John, 1998). We may be born with a propensity towards a particular attentional, motivational, and affective style, which all contribute to our personality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The scope of no return: Openness predicts the spatial distribution of Inhibition of Return

Wilson

Lowe

Ruppel

et al. 2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

How and what we attend to is foundational in determining the content of our experience, thus differences in attention contribute significantly to how we perceive the world, learn, and develop. Personality also plays a role in constraining how we learn to perceive the world and it is conceivable that some facets of personality interact with visual attention; however, the relationship between these two constitutional aspects of psychology remains unclear. To address this interplay between cognition and personality, we looked at how the Big Five personality traits relate to the spatial scope of attention, as indexed by the spatial distribution of Inhibition of Return (IOR). IOR is marked by a decrement in reaction time when a target appears at a cued location, more than 200 ms after that cue. As the cue/target distance increases there is a release from inhibition, providing a measure of the spatial distribution of IOR and reflecting the spatial scope of attention. The results presented here show personality does predict the distribution of IOR. Specifically, higher trait Openness is associated with a broader distribution of IOR and attention. This finding suggests there is an intimate connection between personality, particularly Openness, and the spatial allocation of attention.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The scope of no return: Openness predicts the spatial distribution of Inhibition of Return

Wilson

Lowe

Ruppel

et al. 2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…FFM traits have traditionally been considered to have strong biological bases, with heritability estimates on the order of .5 (Loehlin, McCrae, Costa, & John, 1998). This would suggest relatively persistent gender differences across the lifespan as well as across culture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in Five Factor Model personality traits in an elderly cohort

Chapman¹,

Duberstein

Sörensen

et al. 2007

Personality and Individual Differences

175

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In college and adult samples, women score higher then men on the Five Factor Model (FFM) personality traits of Neuroticism and Agreeableness. The present study assessed the extent to which these gender differences held in a sample of 486 older adults, ranging in age from 65-98 (M = 75, SD = 6.5), using the NEO-Five Factor Inventory. Mean and Covariance Structure models testing gender differences at the level of latent traits revealed higher levels of Neuroticism (d = .52) and Agreeableness (d = .35) in older women than older men. The consistency of these findings with prior work in younger samples attests to the stability of gender differentiation on Neuroticism and Agreeableness across the lifespan. Gender differences on these traits should be considered in personality research among older, as well as middle age and younger adults. KeywordsGender Differences; Personality Traits; Older Adults; Five Factor Model Women score higher on the Five Factor Model (FFM) traits of Neuroticism and Agreeableness (Costa, Terracciano & McCrae 2001). The former reflects distress proneness and propensities toward the experience of a variety of negative affects, while the latter reflects amicability, altruism, trust, tendermindedness, and compliance. Gender differences on these traits are of medium magnitude: Costa and colleague's comprehensive study showed US adult women scored .51 SD higher on Neuroticism and .59 SD higher on Agreeableness. Costa et al. replicated this pattern of gender differences across 26 different nations in data comprising over 23,000 individuals. These findings cannot easily be attributed to self-report artifacts, as McCrae and colleagues (2005) have replicated them in observer reports of FFM traits across 50 cultures. Goodwin and Gotlib (2004) replicated the Neuroticism and Agreeableness findings in a nationally representative sample using a brief trait-adjective measure of the lexical Big Five (cf. also Goldberg et al., 1998), suggesting these gender differences are not a sole function of

show abstract

“…This is because we are dealing with personality traits which may be considered phenotypic but extremely variable and constantly influenced by the non-shared environment. Consequently, large individual variability increases variance and reduces the effect size of genetic differences (Bergeman, Plomin, McClearn, Pedersen, & Friberg, 1988;Jang et al, 1998;Lohelin et al, 1998). However, islanders with progressively fewer grandparents born on the island (non-original islanders) differ from original islanders, showing traits closer to those of immigrants and mainlanders, even though all of them were born on the islands and had lived on them all their lives-thus further suggesting that at least a genetic influence on personality traits may be a biological fact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adaptive value of personality differences revealed by small island population dynamics

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Whether differences in personality among populations really exist and, if so, whether they are only due to cultural and linguistic differences or have a genetically selected adaptive value, is a controversial issue. In this research, we compared three Italian populations living on three small archipelagos in the Tyrrhenian Sea (n ¼ 993), with their corresponding neighbouring mainlanders (n ¼ 598), i.e. sharing the same geographical origin, culture and language. We used an adjective-based Big Five questionnaire in order to measure personality traits in four categories of individuals for each archipelago/mainland population: (1) original islanders; (2) non-original islanders; (3) mainlanders and (4) immigrants to the islands. We further analysed original and non-original islanders who had or had not emigrated from the islands. We found that islanders had different personality traits from mainlanders, the former being more conscientious and emotionally stable and less extraverted and open to experience. We also found that the subgroup of islanders whose ancestors had inhabited their island for about 20 generations in isolation (original islanders, n ¼ 624) were less extraverted and open to experience than immigrants (n ¼ 193). In contrast, immigrants retained the typical personality profile of the mainland populations. Lastly, emigrants from the islands (n ¼ 209) were significantly more extraverted and open to experience than original and non-original islanders who had never left their island (n ¼ 741). We hypothesise that population differences in extraversion and openness to experience are more probably related to genetic differences which evolved rapidly, presumably through an active gene flow produced by selective emigration from the islands.

show abstract

Heritabilities of Common and Measure-Specific Components of the Big Five Personality Factors

Cited by 277 publications

References 17 publications

The scope of no return: Openness predicts the spatial distribution of Inhibition of Return

The scope of no return: Openness predicts the spatial distribution of Inhibition of Return

Gender differences in Five Factor Model personality traits in an elderly cohort

The adaptive value of personality differences revealed by small island population dynamics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About