Gender differences in Five Factor Model personality traits in an elderly cohort

Chapman, Benjamin P.; Duberstein, Paul R.; Sörensen, Silvia; Lyness, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.04.028

Cited by 172 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Higher levels of Agreeableness and Neuroticism in women are 2 of the most universally observed associations in personality research, replicated in more than 27 countries and across age-groups. 38,39 The current fi ndings suggest differences by sex in missing data in some previous studies 3,4,6 may be partially explained by personality. Our study fi ndings raise concerns about whether results of RCTs that rest on the psychological characteristics of enrollees, yet fail to measure and adjust for bias resulting from such characteristics, are applicable to the general population.…”

Section: Per S Ona L I T Y a S Pr Edic Tor O F Mis Sing Datasupporting

confidence: 54%

Is Personality a Key Predictor of Missing Study Data? An Analysis From a Randomized Controlled Trial

Jerant¹,

Chapman²,

Duberstein³

et al. 2009

The Annals of Family Medicine

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PURPOSE Little is known regarding the effects of psychological factors on data collection in research studies. We examined whether Five Factor Model (FFM) personality factors-Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness-predicted missing data in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).METHODS Individuals (N = 415) aged 40 years and older with various chronic conditions, plus basic activity impairment, depressive symptoms, or both, were recruited from a primary care network and enrolled in a 6-week RCT of an illness self-management intervention, delivered by means of home visits or telephone calls or usual care. Random effects logistic regression modeling was used to examine whether FFM factors predicted missing illness management self-effi cacy data at any scheduled follow-up (2, 4, and 6 weeks, and 6 and 12 months), controlling for disease burden, study arm, and sociodemographic characteristics.RESULTS Across all follow-up points, the missing data rate was 4.5%. Higher levels of Openness (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] for 1-SD increase = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.12-0.46; P <.001), Agreeableness (AOR = 0.29; CI 0.14-0.60; P = .001), and Conscientiousness (AOR = 0.24; CI 0.15-0.50; P <.001) were independently associated with fewer missing data. Accuracy of the missing data prediction model increased when personality variables were added (change in area under the receiver operating characteristic curve from 0.71 to 0.77; χ 2 1 = 6.6; P = .01).CONCLUSIONS Personality was a powerful predictor of missing study data in this RCT. Assessing personality could inform efforts to enhance data completion and adjust analyses for bias caused by missing data. Ann Fam Med 2009;7:148-156. DOI: 10.1370/afm.920. INTRODUCTIOND espite advantages compared with observational studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have limitations.1 One threat to their validity is bias resulting from nonrandom missing data. Commonly measured sociodemographic [2][3][4][5][6] and health status 7-9 variables have been associated with missing data caused by study attrition. Because such variables may also affect study outcomes, bias in the assessment of treatment effects may occur, though statistical adjustment can mitigate bias.Psychological factors also likely affect study participants' decisions to drop out from, keep data collection appointments for, or complete all questionnaire items in clinical research studies, yet they are rarely measured. This omission may be critical in assessing the validity and applicability of studies, since adherence to study protocols, including placebos, can have profound effects on outcomes, comparable to active treatment effects. [10][11][12] Although earlier studies have explored attrition resulting from psychological factors in patients with psychiatric disorders [13][14][15] [17][18][19] The result of more than 7 decades of research, 17 FFM factors are empirically derived, broad clusters of behavioral and dispositional tendencies (Table 1). They capture the major axes of psychological and beh...

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Section: Per S Ona L I T Y a S Pr Edic Tor O F Mis Sing Datasupporting

confidence: 54%

Is Personality a Key Predictor of Missing Study Data? An Analysis From a Randomized Controlled Trial

Jerant¹,

Chapman²,

Duberstein³

et al. 2009

The Annals of Family Medicine

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“…30 However, further studies have continued to evaluate this issue and now it seems a well-known fact that women tend to score higher on neuroticism and agreeableness. 40 This finding has been thoroughly replicated in different countries: United States of America (USA), 41 United Kingdom and Germany; 42 multinational samples; 43,44 also in different age groups: college students, 45 elderly, 40 across the life span; 42 again using different FFM measures: BFI, 43 15 item BFI, 42 NEO-PI-R 43 and NEO-FFI 40 and even with samples from different decades.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Psychometric properties of the big five inventory in a Mexican sample (Propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de los Cinco Grandes en una muestra mexicana)

et al. 2014

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Antecedentes. Una de las teorías de la personalidad más estudiadas es el modelo de los cinco factores, frecuentemente evaluado por medio del Inventario de los Cinco Grandes. A pesar de que existe una versión en español, aún se desconocen las características psicométricas de dicho instrumento en población mexicana. Método. Se evaluaron 472 adultos (217 hombres/255 mujeres) de población abierta de la Ciudad de México. Resultados. La confiabilidad fue de ?=0.72 para toda la escala. Por medio de un Análisis de Componentes Principales, replicamos la estructura de cinco factores de la prueba. También encontramos diferencias entre los sujetos que reportaron haber recibido alguna vez un diagnóstico psiquiátrico o neurológico por un profesionista de la salud y los que no, en las escalas de agradabilidad, responsabilidad y neuroticismo. Conclusiones. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el Inventario de los Cinco Factores es útil para evaluar la personalidad en población mexicana. Sin embargo, una revisión de la escala de agradabilidad puede ser necesaria dada su baja confiabilidad y mala carga factorial de los reactivos que la componen.

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“…Research on perceived personality changes during the aging process shows that older persons are perceived to possess different characteristics than younger persons (e.g., Chan et al 2012;Grühn et al 2011). And even though actual gender differences in life span personality changes seem not to be pronounced (Chapman et al 2007;Ferguson 2010;Lippa 2010) it would be interesting to investigate whether they are nevertheless perceived to be there (cf. Haslam et al 2007), and whether those perceptions might interact with the requirements that are posed in different life domains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple standards of aging: gender-specific age stereotypes in different life domains

2013

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Whereas it is often stated that aging might have more negative consequences for the evaluation of women compared to men, evidence for this assumption is mixed. We took a differentiated look at age stereotypes of men and women, assuming that the life domain in which older persons are rated moderates gender differences in age stereotypes. A sample of 298 participants aged 20-92 rated 65-year-old men and women on evaluative statements in eight different life domains. Furthermore, perceptions of gender-and domain-specific age-related changes were assessed by comparing the older targets to 45-year-old men and women, respectively. The results speak in favor of the domain specificity of evaluative asymmetries in age stereotypes for men and women, and imply that an understanding of gendered perceptions of aging requires taking into account the complexities of domain-specific views on aging.

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Gender differences in Five Factor Model personality traits in an elderly cohort

Cited by 172 publications

References 34 publications

Is Personality a Key Predictor of Missing Study Data? An Analysis From a Randomized Controlled Trial

Is Personality a Key Predictor of Missing Study Data? An Analysis From a Randomized Controlled Trial

Psychometric properties of the big five inventory in a Mexican sample (Propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de los Cinco Grandes en una muestra mexicana)

Multiple standards of aging: gender-specific age stereotypes in different life domains

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