Heregulin-β1 Activates NF-E2-related Factor 2 and Induces Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Expression in Human Breast Cancer Cells via Protein Kinase B and Extracellular Signal-regulated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways

Abstract

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases are frequently overexpressed in human cancers and responsible for tumor cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, migration and differentiation [1]. Heregulin-β1 also known as neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) is a member of the EGF family of growth factors and acts as a ligand for ErbB family receptor tyrosine kinases [2]. The heregulin family of growth factors includes at least fifteen distinct proteins derived from differential splicing of the RNA of a single gene. Most heregulin proteins are soluble, secreted 44-kDa glycoproteins originating from transmembrane precursors, undergoing typical glycosylation and trafficking [3]. Among these, heregulin-β1 is known as the most potent form which is able to activate ErbB-2 indirectly through binding to ErbB3 or ErbB4.It has been shown that overexpression or aberrant expression of the ErbB receptor family proteins could cause antiestrogen resistance [4]. In addition, heregulin is involved in progression and metastatic potential of breast cancer

The prognostic genes model of breast cancer drug resistance based on single-cell sequencing analysis and transcriptome analysis

“…A study by Irene Lopez-Mateo suggested that thyroid hormone receptor β may act as a tumor suppressor in BC [ 17 ]. Ji-Young Park and colleagues induced the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase in BC cells through the protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways [ 18 ]. Philip Bischoff and colleagues found that the progression of BC depends on the disruption of adherent tissue integrity [ 19 ].…”