Heralded source of bright multi-mode mesoscopic sub-Poissonian light

Iskhakov, T. Sh.; Usenko, Vladyslav C.; Andersen, Ulrik L.; Filip, Radim; Chekhova, Maria V.; Leuchs, Gerd

doi:10.1364/ol.41.002149

Cited by 57 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…It has been used to quantify nonclassical light originating in resonance fluorescence [3,4], Franck-Hertz experiment [5], high-efficiency light-emitting diodes [6], second-harmonic generation [7,8], parametric deamplification [9], secondsubharmonic generation [10], feed-forward action on the beam [11,12] or light generated in micro-cavities by passing atoms [13]. Highly sub-Poissonian fields have also been reached by post-selection from cw [14][15][16] and pulsed twin beams (TWB) [17][18][19][20][21].The Fano factor F defined in terms of photon-number moments as F = (∆n) 2 / n identifies sub-Poissonian fields if F < 1; ∆n ≡n − n denotes the fluctuation of photon-number operatorn given in terms of the annihilation (â) and creation (â † ) operators asn ≡â †â . Symbol stands for the mean value.…”

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confidence: 99%

Higher-order sub-Poissonian-like nonclassical fields: Theoretical and experimental comparison

2017

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Criteria defining higher-order sub-Poissonian-like fields are given using five different quantities: moments of I) integrated intensity, II) photon number, III) integrated-intensity fluctuation, IV) photon-number fluctuation, and V) elements of photocount and photon-number distributions. Relations among the moment criteria are revealed. Performance of the criteria is experimentally investigated using a set of potentially sub-Poissonian fields obtained by post-selection from a twin beam. The criteria based on moments of integrated intensity and photon number and those using the elements of photocount distribution are found as the most powerful. States nonclassical up to the fifth order are experimentally reached in the former case, even the ninth-order non-classicality is observed in the latter case.Nonclassical properties of optical fields and their characterization have been in the center of attention from the beginning of quantum optics. The simplest, and from the experimental point of view the most natural, way how to achieve this is based on the determination of second-order moments of fluctuations of the measured quantities, that violate certain inequalities for nonclassical fields. This approach resulted in the introduction of principal squeeze variance of electric-field amplitudes and the Fano factor to quantify nonclassical phase fluctuations and photonnumber fluctuations, respectively [1,2]. The Fano factor represents the most important quantity for optical fields characterized by standard quadratic detectors, for which it identifies sub-Poissonian fields. It has been used to quantify nonclassical light originating in resonance fluorescence [3,4], Franck-Hertz experiment [5], high-efficiency light-emitting diodes [6], second-harmonic generation [7,8], parametric deamplification [9], secondsubharmonic generation [10], feed-forward action on the beam [11,12] or light generated in micro-cavities by passing atoms [13]. Highly sub-Poissonian fields have also been reached by post-selection from cw [14][15][16] and pulsed twin beams (TWB) [17][18][19][20][21].The Fano factor F defined in terms of photon-number moments as F = (∆n) 2 / n identifies sub-Poissonian fields if F < 1; ∆n ≡n − n denotes the fluctuation of photon-number operatorn given in terms of the annihilation (â) and creation (â † ) operators asn ≡â †â . Symbol stands for the mean value. This condition when expressed in the moments of integrated intensity W (or equivalently in the normally-ordered moments of photon number, i.e. W k ≡ â †kâk [22][23][24]), (∆W ) 2 = â †2â2 − â †â 2 < 0 [for the relation between the moments that is used for determining intensity moments from the experimental data, see * jan.perina.jr@upol.cz Eq. (3) below], reveals the relation with the general definition of non-classicality: A field is nonclassical provided that its (normally-ordered) Glauber-Sudarshan quasidistribution P (as a function of complex field amplitudes) attains negative values or even does not exist as a regular function [25,26]. The consideration of th...

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confidence: 99%

Higher-order sub-Poissonian-like nonclassical fields: Theoretical and experimental comparison

2017

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“…This new estimator was used to demonstrate an absolute (unconditional) quantum advantage in absorption estimation for object presenting absorption up to 50% in spatially single-mode measurements [113]. Additionally, a heralded source of multi-mode mesoscopic sub-Poissonian light was shown through post selection of the detected intensities [115] with the potential to bring previous transmission metrology demonstration to brighter regimes. Using quantum states of light can also lead to improved estimation of the optical phase [95,116].…”

Section: Improved Optical Metrologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging with quantum states of light

et al. 2019

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The production of pairs of entangled photons simply by focusing a laser beam onto a crystal with a non-linear optical response was used to test quantum mechanics and to open new approaches in imaging. The development of the latter was enabled by the emergence of single photon sensitive cameras able to characterize spatial correlations and high-dimensional entanglement. Thereby new techniques emerged such as the ghost imaging of objectswhere the quantum correlations between photons reveal the image from photons that have never interacted with the object -or the imaging with undetected photons by using nonlinear interferometers. Additionally, quantum approaches in imaging can also lead to an improvement in the performance of conventional imaging systems. These improvements can be obtained by means of image contrast, resolution enhancement that exceed the classical limit and acquisition of sub-shot noise phase or amplitude images. In this review we discuss the application of quantum states of light for advanced imaging techniques.

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“…The lower bound in presence of losses is therefore σ det = 1 − η. Sub-shot-noise (SSN) correlation of this state has been experimentally demonstrated both in the case of a single twin beam as in Eq. (7) [83,85,90,91,92] and in the case of many spatial modes detected in parallel by the pixels of a CCD camera [80,82,93]. SSN correlations can be efficiently generated also by four-wave-mixing (FWM) in atomic vapours [94,95,96,97], a process depicted in Fig.…”

Section: Twin-beammentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum imaging with sub-Poissonian light: challenges and perspectives in optical metrology

Berchera

Degiovanni

2019

Metrologia

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Non-classical correlations in optical beams offer the unprecedented opportunity of surpassing conventional limits of sensitivity and resolution in optical measurements and imaging, especially but not only, when a low photon flux down to the single photons are measured. We review the principles of quantum imaging and sensing techniques which exploit sub-Poissonian photon statistics and non-classical photon number correlation, presenting some state-of-the-art achievements in the field. These quantum photonics protocols have the potential to trigger major steps in many applications, such as microscopy and biophotonics and represent an important opportunity for a new deal in radiometry and photometry.Quantum imaging with sub-Poissonian light Limits of Classical (conventional) imagingMeasuring changes in intensity or in phase of an electromagnetic field, after interacting with matter, is the most simple way to extract relevant information on the properties of a system under investigation, whether a biological sample [18] or a digital memory disc [19].The term "imaging" usually (not always) refers to the reconstruction of the whole spatial properties of the sample, namely in 2D or 3D, and it can be achieved in two different modalities, wide field or point-by-point scanning. Wide field imaging is preferable in many cases, since it provides a more compete dynamic pictures but, for static sample, the point by point scanning offers advantages, for example the better z-resolution in confocal microscopy.In any case, the two parameters quantifying the quality (the amount of information) of the image are the resolution, i.e. the minimum distance at which two points can be distinguished, and the sensitivity, i.e. the minimum measurable variation of the physical quantity in a certain point.The quality of an image is always affected by several limitations, some of them avoidable by a careful design of the experiment (aberration, background, artifacts), others imposed by technical limitations of the available actual technology (for instance unavoidable noise or low efficiency of the detector), and others related to more fundamental reasons. In particular diffraction limit and shot-noise limit represent "fundamental" bounds, to resolution and sensitivity, at least when classical states of light are considered. A possibility to overcome these limitations is offered by peculiar properties of quantum light. Diffraction Limit (DL)The diffraction limit, R 0.61λ/N A (with λ being the wavelength of the light and N A the numerical aperture of the imaging system), represents the maximum obtainable imaging resolution in classical far-field imaging/microscopy. Depending on the kind of light radiation involved, namely incoherent or coherent, it takes the name of Abbe or Rayliegh diffraction limit, respectively.

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Heralded source of bright multi-mode mesoscopic sub-Poissonian light

Cited by 57 publications

References 22 publications

Higher-order sub-Poissonian-like nonclassical fields: Theoretical and experimental comparison

Higher-order sub-Poissonian-like nonclassical fields: Theoretical and experimental comparison

Imaging with quantum states of light

Quantum imaging with sub-Poissonian light: challenges and perspectives in optical metrology

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