Hepatoprotective Effect of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck Ethanol Extract in Paracetamol-Induced Rats

Abstract

Based on data from the National Poison Data System of the American Association of Poison Control Center, it is reported that there is a high number of death and liver transplantation due to paracetamol and other combination drugs of paracetamol toxicity. Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Sunkist) is a fruit that has been widely studied for its various therapeutic effects. This study aimed to explore the potential of Sunkist peels as a hepatoprotection agent against the toxicity of paracetamol. This was an experimental study conducted in May 2019 at the Pharmacy Biology Laboratory of Pharmacy Faculty, University of North Sumatera on 15 rats that were divided into 5 groups of treatment (negative, positive, and 300, 450, and 600 mg/kgBW Sunkist ethanol extract) and received treatment for 14 days. The AST and ALT was assessed using the dyasis manual assay. Data were then analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Post-hoc test. The results of this study showed that the ALT and AST levels were significantly different (P-value<0.05) between the negative (ALT: 438.73 U/L; AST: 334.37 U/L) group and the positive (ALT: 152.34 U/L; AST: 49.7 U/L). Futhermore, these levels were also significantly different between the negative group and the group that received 600 mg/kg BW of Sunkist peel ethanol extract (ALT: 189.15 U/L; AST: 69.25 U/L). Hence, Sunkist peels have a potential to provide hepatoprotection effects just like catechin rutin. AbstrakBerdasar data dari American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System dilaporkan angka kematian dan transplantasi hati yang tinggi akibat toksisitas parasetamol atau dalam bentuk kombinasi. Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck (sunkist) sebagai produk alami secara luas diteliti untuk berbagai efek terapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi potensi kulit sunkist sebagai perlindungan terhadap efek toksik dari parasetamol. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental yang dilakukan pada Mei 2019 di Laboratorium Biologi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 15 tikus yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan (kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, ekstrak sunkist dengan dosis, 300, 450, dan 600 mg/kgBB). Perlakuan yang didapat pada tiap-tiap kelompok dilakukan selama 14 hari. Uji AST dan ALT menggunakan prosedur dari dyasis. Analisis data menggunakan one way ANOVA dan diikuti Post-Hoc Test. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kadar ALT dan AST memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan (nilai p<0,05) antara kontrol negatif (ALT: 438.73 U/L; AST: 334.37 U/L) dengan kelompok kontrol positif (ALT: 152.34 U/L; AST: 49.7 U/L) dan kelompok tikus yang menerima ekstrak etanol kulit jeruk sunkist 600 mg/kg BB (ALT: 189.15 U/L; AST: 69.25 U/ L). Oleh karena itu, kulit sunkist memiliki efek hepatoproteksi potensial seperti katekin rutin.