Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity ofMelaleuca styphelioideson carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice

Abstract

Context: Liver disease is a serious problem. Polyphenolic compounds have marked antioxidant effect and can prevent the liver damage caused by free radicals. In vitro studies have revealed the strong antioxidant activity of an ellagitannin-rich plant, namely, Melaleuca styphelioides Sm. (Myrtaceae). Objective: In view of the limited therapeutic options available for the treatment of liver diseases, the hepatoprotective potential of the methanol extract of M. styphelioides leaves (MSE) was investigated against CCl 4 -induced liver injury in mice. Materials and methods: MSE was administered (500 and 1000 mg/kg/d p.o.) along with CCl 4 for 6 weeks. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined in the serum. Glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione transferase (GST), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were estimated in the liver homogenate. The bioactive components of MSE were identified by NMR, UV and HRESI-MS/MS data. Results: MSE treatment (500 and 1000 mg/kg/d) markedly inhibited the CCl 4 -induced increase in the levels of AST (31 and 38%), ALT (29 and 32%), ALP (13 and 19%), and MDA (22 and 37%) at the tested doses, respectively. MSE treatment markedly increased the levels of GSH (29 and 57%) and antioxidant enzymes compared with the CCl 4 -treated group. MSE was more effective than silymarin in restoring the liver architecture and reducing the fatty changes, central vein congestion, Kupffer cell hyperplasia, inflammatory infiltration, and necrosis induced by CCl 4 . The LD 50 of MSE was more than 5000 mg/kg. Conclusion: MSE confers potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects against CCl 4 -induced toxicity.

Protective effect ofTerminalia muelleriagainst carbon tetrachloride-induced hepato and nephro-toxicity in mice and characterization of its bioactive constituents

“…A number of studies showed that various herbal extracts containing ellagitannins exhibited strong hepatoprotective effects (Al-Sayed et al, 2014a;Tezcan et al, 2009). The pharmacological activities of ellagitannins are attributed mainly to their potent free radical scavenging effect, chelation of excess metal ions, reduction of lipid peroxidation, and modulation of antioxidant defenses (Nwanna & Oboh, 2007;Soobrattee et al, 2005).…”

Hepatoprotective activity of praecoxin A isolated from Melaleuca ericifolia against carbon tetrachloride‐induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Impact on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis

“…(Myrtaceae). Previous studies have reported that many Melaleuca species are rich in ellagitannins (Al‐Sayed et al, ; Nosrati, Bakovic, & Paliyath, ). Strong in vitro antioxidant effect of various Melaleuca species have been previously reported in several studies (Farag et al, ; Kim et al, ).…”

“…Natural products have received considerable attention in recent years as a new source for the discovery of hepatoprotective agents (Al‐Sayed & Esmat, ). Experimental evidence indicates that ellagitannins confer potent radical scavenging activity and inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation (Al‐Sayed, El‐Lakkany, Seif El‐Din, Sabra, & Hammam, ; Shimoda et al, ). Previous reports have demonstrated that ellagitannins protect against the liver injury induced by free radicals through different mechanisms, including direct radical scavenging, metal chelation, and enhancement of antioxidant defenses such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH; Al‐Sayed & El‐Naga, ).…”

“…Strong in vitro antioxidant effect of various Melaleuca species have been previously reported in several studies (Farag et al, ; Kim et al, ). The total extract of Melaleuca styphelioides showed strong hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects in mice, which was attributed to its ellagitannin content (Al‐Sayed et al, ). M. ericifolia is a small tree native to Australia (Southwell & Robert, ).…”

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract protects against alcohol-induced acute liver injury in mice and affects the mechanism of ER stress

“…The serum levels of ALT and AST are important indicators of liver cell damage ( 24 ). The accumulation of fat is also a major pathological change observed in ALD, therefore, TG was used as a significant liver damage marker in the present study ( 25 ).…”