Hemostasis and anti-necrotic activity of wound-healing dressing containing chitosan nanoparticles

Nanomaterials for Wound Healing and Infection Control

“…Chemically, this biopolymer is a linear polysaccharide containing D-glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine units. Apart from its affinity to metals, proteins and dyes, chitosan can also form complexes with anions, such as sulfate and phosphate, due to its cationic nature [40]. Moreover, its degradation products can stimulate synthesis of extracellular matrix components [39].…”

“…Various forms of chitosan have been investigated for wound-healing therapies, such as hydrogels, membranes, films, sponges and scaffolds [40]. Chitosan nanoparticles are characterized by superior permeability, antibacterial properties and immune modulation, while also being non-toxic to human cells.…”

A microfluidic bleeding model to investigate the effects of blood flow shear on microvascular hemostasis

“…These methods are suitable for hemostasis of trauma with large wounds, but are not suitable for the microhemorrhage mentioned in this study. Hemostatic gauze and dressings are used for the treatment of a microhemorrhage on the tissue surfaces, which can not only reduce the flow rate of blood loss by applying pressure, but also provide a leakage channel for lost blood owing to its porous nature, further reducing the flow rate of blood loss by dispersing the flow and increasing the contact area of the blood, and thus further promoting hemostasis [45,46]. However, the hemostatic devices mentioned above lack the biological activity to activate platelets and trigger a coagulation cascade.…”

“…Inorganic mesostructured materials, including mesoporous SiO 2 [47], mesoporous bioactive glasses [48], microporous aluminosilicates [49], and their composites have recently been widely used in the field of hemostasis owing to their highly mesoporous structure and procoagulation surface. Biomaterials with biocoagulation-promoting activities, such as gelatin [50,51] and chitosan [52,53], have been developed into various forms of hemostatic materials such as sponges, hydrogels, and nanoparticles, and have been widely used depending on their rapid activation of the platelets and coagulation cascade reactions [50][51][52][53]. The cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), which contains an abundant reactive oxygen species, active nitrogen, and other active groups that can promote blood coagulation, allows for effective blood coagulation without thermal effects, and has wide application potential in the treatment of a microhemorrhage such as an errhysis and a gastrointestinal hemorrhage [54,55].…”

<p>Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Loading of Natural Plant Extracts and Their Biomedical Applications</p>

“…9,12 Various approaches for fabrication of BBN delivery systems are well addressed which including coacervation, spray drying, electrospinning, electrospray, supercritical fluid, emulsion-diffusion, reverse micelle, emulsion-droplet coalescence, emulsification/solvent evaporation, salting-out, ultrasonication and high-pressure homogenization. 231 Pure Biopolymer Nanoparticles (PBN) Chitosan, a cationic biocompatible and biodegradable linear polysaccharide, containing d-glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine units, which is extracted from the exoskeleton of crustacean arthropods such as insects, crabs, lobster and shrimps 232 reported to be the best example of natural pure biopolymer to deliver plant components such as curcumin, quercetin, 233 and transresveratrol with better mucoadhesion, solubility, dissolution rate, and specific targeting. 234,235 Additionally, chitosan has been utilized for various biomedical applications such as in tissue engineering in the form of scaffolds, drug delivery carriers, fabricating surgical thread, bone healing, and as a wound dressing substance.…”