Hemocompatibility of EpoCore/EpoClad photoresists on COC substrate for optofluidic integrated Bragg sensors

Hessler, Steffen; Rüth, Marieke; Sauvant, C.; Lemke, Horst‐Dieter; Schmauß, Bernhard; Hellmann, Ralf

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2016.08.113

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Due to the high stability of crosslinked EpoCore material and its validated hemocompatibility [ 29 ], the optical epoxy polymer structures generally offer great potential in biomedical sensing. To employ the polymer waveguide Bragg gratings as efficient refractive index sensors, particular surrounding RI sensitivity-enhancing modifications of the waveguide layout are applied while maintaining the found optimum grating fabrication parameters.…”

Section: Biomedical Application Potentials Of Epoxy-based Bragg Grating Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous optomechanical sensing concepts such as freestanding sensor foils with embedded EpoCore waveguide grating structures [ 25 ] or flexible carrier substrates with one-side EpoCore strip waveguides for 1550 nm [ 26 ] and 850 nm operation [ 27 ] have been demonstrated. EpoCore Bragg gratings, furthermore, maintain attractive potential for integrated optical sensing in low-cost biochemical lab-on-a-chip applications [ 28 ], not least because of their proven biocompatibility to human blood [ 29 ]. In this context, a substantially enhanced refractive index sensitivity of EpoCore Bragg gratings was recently attained by high-refractive TiO 2 coatings empowering biomedical sensing applications [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep UV Formation of Long-Term Stable Optical Bragg Gratings in Epoxy Waveguides and Their Biomedical Sensing Potentials

Hessler

Rüth

Lemke

et al. 2021

Sensors

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In this article, we summarize our investigations on optimized 248 nm deep ultraviolet (UV) fabrication of highly stable epoxy polymer Bragg grating sensors and their application for biomedical purposes. Employing m-line spectroscopy, deep UV photosensitivity of cross-linked EpoCore thin films in terms of responding refractive index change is determined to a maximum of Δn = + (1.8 ± 0.2) × 10−3. All-polymer waveguide Bragg gratings are fabricated by direct laser irradiation of lithographic EpoCore strip waveguides on compatible Topas 6017 substrates through standard +1/-1-order phase masks. According near-field simulations of realistic non-ideal phase masks provide insight into UV dose-dependent characteristics of the Bragg grating formation. By means of online monitoring, arising Bragg reflections during grating inscription via beforehand fiber-coupled waveguide samples, an optimum laser parameter set for well-detectable sensor reflection peaks in respect of peak strength, full width at half maximum and grating attenuation are derived. Promising blood analysis applications of optimized epoxy-based Bragg grating sensors are demonstrated in terms of bulk refractive index sensing of whole blood and selective surface refractive index sensing of human serum albumin.

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Section: Biomedical Application Potentials Of Epoxy-based Bragg Grating Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep UV Formation of Long-Term Stable Optical Bragg Gratings in Epoxy Waveguides and Their Biomedical Sensing Potentials

Hessler

Rüth

Lemke

et al. 2021

Sensors

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show abstract

“…Moreover, they offer straightforward multidimensional strain sensing by monitoring multiple photonic structures on one single substrate [ 8 , 9 ]. To date, a variety of polymer-optic materials, such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], hybrid organic-inorganic polymers [ 13 , 14 , 15 ], epoxy-based photoresists [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ] and cyclic olefin copolymers (COC), Reference [ 20 ] can be employed to fabricate PPBGs. The latter in particular has shown unambiguous potential in a multitude of sensing applications, since this high-grade optical polymer exhibits a unique combination of an outstanding glass transition temperature, up to 250 °C, and negligible water absorption [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure-Based Fiber-To-Chip Coupling of Polymer Planar Bragg Gratings for Harsh Environment Applications

Kefer

Sauer

Hessler

et al. 2020

Sensors

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This article proposes and demonstrates a robust microstructure-based fiber-to-chip coupling scheme for planar Bragg grating devices. A polymer planar Bragg grating substrate is manufactured and microstructured by means of a micromilling process, while the respective photonic structures are generated by employing a sophisticated single-writing UV-exposure method. A stripped standard single mode fiber is inserted into the microstructure, which is filled with a UV-curable adhesive, and aligned with the integrated waveguide. After curing, final sensor assembly and thermal treatment, the proposed coupling scheme is capable of withstanding pressures up to 10 bar, at room temperature, and pressures up to 7.5 bar at an elevated temperature of 120 °C. Additionally, the coupling scheme is exceedingly robust towards tensile forces, limited only by the tensile strength of the employed single mode fiber. Due to its outstanding robustness, the coupling scheme enables the application of planar Bragg grating devices in harsh environments. This fact is underlined by integrating a microstructure-coupled photonic device into the center of a commercial-grade carbon fiber-reinforced polymer specimen. After its integration, the polymer-based Bragg grating sensor still exhibits a reflection peak with a dynamic range of 24 dB, and can thus be employed for sensing purposes.

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“…Further, the integration of NV centers into a waveguide might enhance the applicability of these color centers as probes in biological tissue, which in general heats, gets photodamaged, and autofluoresces when illuminated with focused green laser light 19 . Since the waveguide, made from a biocompatible material 20 , guides the excitation light and separates it spatially from the biological sample, the phototodamage is strongly reduced in contrast to confocal microscopy, where the excitation light is focused through the sample volume. We present the integration of strong fluorescent nanodiamonds into a photoresist and the direct laser writing of three-dimensional waveguides with micrometer-scale cross section from this functionalized photoresist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent remote control of quantum emitters embedded in polymer waveguides

et al. 2020

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We report on the coherent internal-state control of single crystalline nanodiamonds, containing on average 1200 nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, embedded in three-dimensional direct-laser-written waveguides. We excite the NV centers by light propagating through the waveguide, and we show that emitted fluorescence can be efficiently coupled to the waveguide modes. We find an average coupling efficiency of 21.6 % into all guided modes. Moreover, we investigate optically-detected magnetic-resonance spectra as well as Rabi oscillations recorded through the waveguide-coupled signal. Our work shows that the system is well suited for magnetometry and remote read-out of spin coherence in a freely configurable waveguide network, overcoming the need for direct optical access of NV centers in nanodiamonds. These waveguide-integrated sensors might open up new applications, like determining magnetic field distributions inside opaque or scattering media, or photosensitive samples, like biological tissue. arXiv:1811.12868v2 [physics.optics]

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Hemocompatibility of EpoCore/EpoClad photoresists on COC substrate for optofluidic integrated Bragg sensors

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Deep UV Formation of Long-Term Stable Optical Bragg Gratings in Epoxy Waveguides and Their Biomedical Sensing Potentials

Deep UV Formation of Long-Term Stable Optical Bragg Gratings in Epoxy Waveguides and Their Biomedical Sensing Potentials

Microstructure-Based Fiber-To-Chip Coupling of Polymer Planar Bragg Gratings for Harsh Environment Applications

Coherent remote control of quantum emitters embedded in polymer waveguides

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