Hematologic changes in propofol-anesthetized dogs with or without tramadol administration

Abstract

Drugs commonly used in anesthesia practice may significantly alter the oxidative state of blood cells. This mechanism could contribute to the immune suppression that occurs transiently in the early postoperative period. Thus, we assessed the effects of continuous rate infusion (CRI) of propofol associated or not with tramadol on hematologic parameters in dogs. Eight adult mongrel dogs were anesthetized on 2 occasions, 15 d apart. Two groups were formed: control group (CG) and tramadol group (GT). Propofol was used for induction (10mg kg-1) followed by a CRI (0.7mg kg-1minute-1). The animals were positioned in lateral recumbency and mechanically ventilated with inspired oxygen fraction of 0.6. In TG, tramadol (2mg kg-1) followed by a CRI (0.5mg kg-1minute-1) was administered in dogs. In the CG the sodium chloride (NaCl) solution at 0.9% was administered followed by its CRI, in the same volume that was used in TG. The measurement was taken before anesthesia induction (Tbasal), 30 minutes after induction (T0) and then at 30-minute intervals (T30 to T60). Red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoblogin concentration and total leukocytes count decreased from T0 in both groups. In TG, lymphocytes count at Tbasal [1.86 (0.82) x103µl-1] was greater than at T0, T30 and T60 [0.96(0.50), 0.92(0.48) and 0.95(0.48) x103µl-1, respectively]. No significant differences were observed for platelets neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil and monocyte count. In dogs, propofol-anesthesia associated or not with tramadol promoted decrease in blood cell count and should be used with caution in immunossupressed patients.

Histological changes of the adult albino rats entorhinal cortex under the effect of tramadol administration: Histological and morphometric study

“…These observations were in agreement with the results of the previous studies that reported the oxidative stress induced by the tramadol in brain. [31][32][33][34] The tramadol not only induced oxidative stress in brain but also was associated with significant decrease in brain non-enzymatic antioxidant, intracellular reduced glutathione level and enzymatic antioxidant and glutathione peroxidase activity. 35 Moreover, it has been reported that oxidative modifications resulted in a loss of function and lowering of enzyme activity.…”

Effects of General and Local Anaesthesia on Innate and Cell-Mediated Immunity in Dogs

“…The observed leucopoenia was at the expense of lymphocytes as recorded by Costa et al (2013). This alteration was in unison with elevation in cortisol values starting right at the 30 th min but most pronounced at 140 th min.…”

“…in the same group; p < 0.05;  p < 0.01 -statistically significant differences compared to the control group for the respective period; p<0.05 -statistically significant differences compared to the epidural group for the respective period; *p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; ***p<0.001 -statistically significant differences compared to the initial period (0 min.) in the same group; p < 0.05 -statistically significant differences compared to the control group for the respective period; p<0.05 -statistically significant differences compared to the epidural group for the respective period (Costa et al, 2013) connected with anaesthesia. Most of the studies on the effects of anaesthesia on the immune function were performed in vitro, or in patients submitted to some kind of surgery.…”

Avaliação metabólica e hemodinâmica de dois protocolos de sedação prolongada em cães

“…Visto que a PaO 2 e a SaO 2 permaneceram estáveis no GMF (193mm/Hg e 98,1%) e no GCM (195 mm/Hg e 98,3%), acredita-se que a redução da CaO 2 ocorreu devido à leve redução da hemoglobina (tHb) arterial de 10% no GMF e de 13% no GCM, permanecendo as médias em 12±1,2g/dL no GMF e em 11,9±1,3g/dL no GCM. Costa et al (2013) citam leve diminuição gradativa da tHb durante infusão de propofol (0,7mg/kg/min), possivelmente devido à redistribuição de eritrócitos para locais não esplênicos. Outro fator que pode ter auxiliado a diminuição da tHb é a hemodiluição, visto que a lavagem dos cateteres a cada avaliação, a infusão dos tratamentos e o fornecimento de nutrição parenteral podem ter influenciado esses valores.…”

“…Ethier et al (2008) citam uma diminuição de 15% na DO 2 , com protocolo de propofol, diazepam/midazolam e fentanil, porém sem alteração da perfusão tecidual. A anestesia normalmente diminui a DO 2 (Haskins, 2006), possivelmente pela ação dos fármacos na redução do IC ou, ainda, pela redistribuição de eritrócitos e consequente diminuição da hemoglobina circulante e da CaO 2 (Costa et al, 2013). Porém, Haskins (2006) O pH arterial (7,32±0,06 no GMF e 7,31±0,03 no GCM) e o venoso misto (7,29±0,07 no GMF e 7,26±0,06 no GCM) estavam levemente abaixo dos valores de referência no momento basal (Ha et al, 2013), devido aos maiores valores da PaCO 2 , de 47,9±6,6 no GMF e de 49,6±4,9mm/Hg no GCM nesse momento, possivelmente pela respiração espontânea sob anestesia geral inalatória, a qual pode promover depressão respiratória dose-dependente (Galloway et al, 2004).…”