Hemangioendothelioma of the Thyroid Gland — True Endothelioma or Anaplastic Carcinoma?

Krisch, K; Holzner, Johann; Kokoschka, R.; Jakesz, R.; Niederle, Bruno; Roka, R.

doi:10.1016/s0344-0338(80)80169-5

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The histogenesis of these very aggressive tumors has been the matter of long standing controversies, because many authors believe that ASs are a variant of sarcomatoid carcinoma, in view of their nearly constant cytokeratin positivity in the neoplastic elements [17,19,25,26]. Other authors believe that true AS of the thyroid does exist, though it is rarely observed [2,4,8,9,14,18,21,31,33,37,39,40,41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroglobulin mRNA expression helps to distinguish anaplastic carcinoma from angiosarcoma of the thyroid

et al. 2000

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The existence of angiosarcoma (AS) of the thyroid has been a matter of debate for many years, because some authors believe that most if not all ASs are in fact "angiomatoid" anaplastic carcinomas (ACs). Immunohistochemistry alone was not successful in solving the problem, since cytokeratin expression is a known occurrence in AS. Therefore, we wanted to compare nine cases of AS with ten cases of AC, assessing whether thyroglobulin (TG) mRNA was still transcribed in undifferentiated tumors and could be helpful to distinguish AC from AS. The cases were analyzed for TG mRNA expression by means of radioactive in situ hybridization. The silver grains were counted using an automated device, and their amount was compared with that of stroma, background, and peritumoral thyroid. A weak signal was present in all AC but not in AS (mean counts 35.7 and 9.6 arbitrary units, respectively: P<0.01). In two cases of AC, residual areas of poorly differentiated insular carcinoma had a strong signal (similar to that of peritumoral thyroid). These findings further confirm that AC and AS of the thyroid are unrelated malignant tumors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroglobulin mRNA expression helps to distinguish anaplastic carcinoma from angiosarcoma of the thyroid

et al. 2000

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“…6,8,34 As opposed to their European counterparts, most American authors think that these lesions represent anaplastic carcinomas with a pseudovascular pattern of growth or carcinomas and divergent endothelial differentiation. 13,18 Additional controversy has arisen over the description of thyroid lesions with an epithelioid appearance expressing both vascular and epithelial markers. 3,9,15,[17][18][19] Today the term used to designate angiosarcomas and anaplastic carcinomas do not any have major clinical importance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytologic Findings of Epithelioid Angiosarcoma of the Thyroid

Lin¹,

Gerhard²,

Siqueira³

et al. 2002

Acta Cytologica

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“…Some authors support the hypothesis that all undifferentiated tumors of the thyroid gland are anaplastic carcinomas with variable degrees of an/ a (angio)sarcomatous component [2,19,20]. Indeed, anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid displays heterogeneous patterns of growth in which the classical epithelial features (including the squamous type) may be combined with a sarcomatoid component of the spindle or round-cell type.…”

Section: In Malignant Conditions Distinction Between Angiosarcoma Anmentioning

confidence: 91%

Diagnostic Controversies in Vascular Proliferations of the Thyroid Gland

et al. 2008

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Vascular lesions are one of the most controversial issues in thyroid pathology. The differential diagnosis includes benign lesions on one side, i.e., endothelial reactive hyperplasia (Masson's "hemangioma") in goiter and hemangioma, and malignant tumors on the other, i.e., angiosarcomas and undifferentiated (angio)sarcomatoid carcinomas. Benign reactive endothelial hyperplasia with atypias mimicking malignant tumors may occur in long-standing nodular goiter, as a result of spontaneous hemorrhage followed by granulation tissue and fibrous organization. Alternatively, it may follow a fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) procedure. Angiosarcoma is a rare primary malignant thyroid tumor, mainly observed in endemic goiter areas displaying morphologic and phenotypical similar to those typical of angiosarcomas in other locations (including focal cytokeratin expression). The distinction between angiosarcoma and (angio)sarcomatoid anaplastic carcinoma is difficult and the true existence of angiosarcoma has been challenged. Other extremely rare vascular lesions or mimics in the thyroid include benign hemangioma and pseudo-angiosarcomatous variant of medullary carcinoma. The differential diagnosis between benign and malignant vascular conditions in FNAB material is extremely challenging, and the cytopathology report should be remarkably cautious, especially in poorly cellular and highly hemorrhagic cases: atypias in endothelial cells are not per se indicative of malignancy, being a common feature of reactive endothelial hyperplasia in infracted goiter nodules as well.

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Hemangioendothelioma of the Thyroid Gland — True Endothelioma or Anaplastic Carcinoma?

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Thyroglobulin mRNA expression helps to distinguish anaplastic carcinoma from angiosarcoma of the thyroid

Thyroglobulin mRNA expression helps to distinguish anaplastic carcinoma from angiosarcoma of the thyroid

Cytologic Findings of Epithelioid Angiosarcoma of the Thyroid

Diagnostic Controversies in Vascular Proliferations of the Thyroid Gland

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