Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Their Toxic Effect on Living Organisms

Singh, Anubhav; Sharma, Abha; Verma, Rohit; Chopade, Rushikesh L.; Pandit, Pritam P.; Nagar, Varad; Aseri, Vinay; Choudhary, Sumit K.; Awasthi, Garima; Awasthi, Kumud Kant; Sankhla, Mahipal Singh

doi:10.5772/intechopen.105075

Cited by 61 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Our calculated data on the HOMO–LUMO gap for 1 ( E g [HOMO–LUMO] = 2.4999 eV) is close to the evaluated value by ref (see Tables and ). The HOMO–LUMO gap ( E g [HOMO–LUMO] = 0.191 eV) of a cobalt(II) transition metal complex derived by the DFT/B3LYP technique in ref is about 16 times lower than the evaluated data of 2 (Tables and ). Zheng and Chen computed the HOMO–LUMO gaps via DFT for a rate of d 10 metal complexes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Theoretical Investigations on Quadratic and Cubic Optical Nonlinearities of Cu(II), Co(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II) Transition Metal Coordination Complexes

Belahlou,

Karakas,

Waszkowska

et al. 2023

Crystal Growth & Design

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A series of Cu(II), Co(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II) complexes (1−6) of (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2yl)(phenyl)methanone ligand (L) have been prepared and structurally characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A study of electrochemical properties has been conducted by cyclic voltammetry. Transition metal coordination complexes are known to have promising optical nonlinearity behavior. So, to explore the quadratic and cubic nonlinear optical (NLO) phenomena of title transition metal coordination structures, several experimental and theoretical investigations have been introduced, and their results have been evaluated. The second-harmonic generation (SHG) and third-harmonic generation (THG) techniques by means of the Maker fringe setup have been performed to analyze and evaluate the quadratic (χ (2) ) and cubic (χ (3) ) susceptibilities on thin films of 1−6 at 1064 nm. The maximum one-photon absorption (OPA) wavelengths (λ max ) of 1−6 have been measured utilizing UV−vis spectral analysis. To acquire the electric dipole moment (μ), static dipole polarizability (α), and first hyperpolarizability (β) values of 1−6, we have taken advantage of the density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP level. The time-dependent Hartree−Fock (TDHF) that is known as a very productive quantum mechanical procedure has been chosen to achieve the static second hyperpolarizabilities (γ) and dynamic α, β, γ, χ (2) , and χ (3) for 1−6. The measured data on the χ (2) , χ (3) , and (λ max ) results for 1−6 have been confronted with their corresponding calculated values from the TDHF approach and the configuration interaction (CI) method including all doubly occupied molecular orbitals (MOs). Our calculation results of microscopic dipole polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities for 1−6 have also been crosschecked with similar structures given in the previous works and outcomes of several reference samples. The second-and third-order NLO efficiencies produced theoretically and experimentally of the title materials have been outlined, revealing that the complexes with closed-shell electronic states have turned out increments of second-and thirdorder susceptibility responses. This work has also elucidated that the substitutions of metallic cations (Cu 2+ , Co 2+ , Cd 2+ , Hg 2+ , Mn 2+ , and Zn 2+ ) have created favorable impacts upon χ (2) and χ (3) conclusions. Furthermore, we have surveyed the first and second frontier MOs and their energy gap values via DFT.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Theoretical Investigations on Quadratic and Cubic Optical Nonlinearities of Cu(II), Co(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II) Transition Metal Coordination Complexes

Belahlou,

Karakas,

Waszkowska

et al. 2023

Crystal Growth & Design

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“…These results suggest that the pollution level of HMs is low in the Henan section of the Yellow River. Heavy metals causing soil pollution based on human actions such as mining, steelworks, and electroplating negatively affect human health and ecosystem stabilization [ 19 , 20 ]. In recent years, Henan Province has gradually strengthened the control of soil pollution sources and regulated the sources of HM pollution, such as steel, non-ferrous metals, and dyeing industries [ 21 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution Pattern and Influencing Factors of Heavy Metal Resistance Genes in the Yellow River Sediments of Henan Section

Zhang

Tong

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The transformation of heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs) in the environment has attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, few studies have reported the MRG content in the Yellow River, one of the main irrigation water sources in the North China Plain. In this study, we quantified MRG abundance by a metagenomic approach, and assessed the influence on MRGs of both bioavailable and total heavy metal (HM) content. The results indicate that Cu-resistant genes are the most common genes, and the prevalence of arsM needs more attention. Comamonadaceae is the dominant family in the Yellow River, and the presence of organic pollutants may contribute to the prevalence of Vicinamibacteraceae, Nocardioidaceae, and Flavobacteriacea. The results of the Mantel test and Spearman analysis indicate that both the bioavailable fractions and total content of HMs could have little influence on MRGs. Network analysis results indicate that some dominant bacteria could be the potential hosts of some prevalent MRGs, which may exert an adverse impact on human health.

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“…Heavy metal pollution is increasing globally, damaging the environment and posing serious health risks to humans and other living organisms [1]. Heavy metal (HM) toxicity is commonly referred to as pollution caused by some naturally occurring elements known as heavy metals [2]. They have high atomic masses and densities (higher than 4 g/cm 3 ) that are cytotoxic above certain concentrations [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Rice Molecular Breeding for Tolerance to Heavy Metal Toxicity

et al. 2023

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Heavy metal toxicity generally refers to the negative impact on the environment, humans, and other living organisms caused by exposure to heavy metals (HMs). Heavy metal poisoning is the accumulation of HMs in the soft tissues of organisms in a toxic amount. HMs bind to certain cells and prevent organs from functioning. Symptoms of HM poisoning can be life-threatening and not only cause irreversible damage to humans and other organisms; but also significantly reduce agricultural yield. Symptoms and physical examination findings associated with HM poisoning vary depending on the metal accumulated. Many HMs, such as zinc, copper, chromium, iron, and manganese, are present at extremely low levels but are essential for the functioning of plants. However, if these metals accumulate in the plants in sufficient concentrations to cause poisoning, serious damage can occur. Rice is consumed around the world as a staple food and incidents of HM pollution often occur in rice-growing areas. In many rice-producing countries, cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) have been recognized as commonly widespread HMs contaminating rice fields worldwide. In addition to mining and irrigation activities, the use of fertilizers and pesticides has also contributed significantly to HM contamination of rice-growing soils around the world. A number of QTLs associated with HM stress signals from various intermediary molecules have been reported to activate various transcription factors (TFs). Some antioxidant enzymes have been studied which contribute to the scavenging of reactive oxygen species, ultimately leading to stress tolerance in rice. Genome engineering and advanced editing techniques have been successfully applied to rice to improve metal tolerance and reduce HM accumulation in grains. In this review article, recent developments and progress in the molecular science for the induction of HM stress tolerance, including reduced metal uptake, compartmentalized transportation, gene-regulated signaling, and reduced accumulation or diversion of HM particles to plant parts other than grains, are discussed in detail, with particular emphasis on rice.

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Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Their Toxic Effect on Living Organisms

Cited by 61 publications

References 65 publications

Experimental and Theoretical Investigations on Quadratic and Cubic Optical Nonlinearities of Cu(II), Co(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II) Transition Metal Coordination Complexes

Experimental and Theoretical Investigations on Quadratic and Cubic Optical Nonlinearities of Cu(II), Co(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II) Transition Metal Coordination Complexes

Distribution Pattern and Influencing Factors of Heavy Metal Resistance Genes in the Yellow River Sediments of Henan Section

Recent Developments in Rice Molecular Breeding for Tolerance to Heavy Metal Toxicity

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