Heat Stress Effects on Sow Reproductive Performance Using Simulated Forced Air and Evaporative Cooling Systems

Eichen, P. A.; Lucy, M. C.; Safranski, Timothy J.; Coate, Eric A; Williams, Ashton; Spiers, Donald E.

doi:10.13031/2013.25583

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…x,y Means within a row with different superscripts tend to differ (P = 0.06). Crude glycerol in sow lactation diets Rozeboom et al, 2000;Eichen et al, 2008). Shown previously (Table 3), all 7 farrowing groups experienced heat stress conditions with heat index temperatures ranging from 25.5 to 27.5°C.…”

Section: Respiration Rate and Core Body Temperaturementioning

confidence: 84%

“…Respiration rates observed in this experiment also indicate that the sows were heat stressed (Table 4). Other researchers (Johnston et al, 1999;Eichen et al, 2008) observed respiration rates ranging from 39 to 74 breaths/min in heat-stressed sows. Respiration rates combined with heat index values above 21°C (Table 3) indicate that sows did experience mild heat stress during this experiment.…”

Section: Respiration Rate and Core Body Temperaturementioning

confidence: 89%

“…Consequently, heat index, a measurement combining temperature and relative humidity (NOAA, 2008), must be considered to assess the magnitude of heat stress experienced by the sows. All 7 farrowing groups experienced room temperature and heat index temperatures above 24°C and therefore experienced some degree of heat stress (Johnston et al, 1999;Quiniou and Noblet, 1999;Eichen et al, 2008) during their lactation period.…”

Section: Temperature and Relative Humiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of crude glycerol, a biodiesel coproduct, in diets for lactating sows1,2

Schieck

Kerr

Baidoo

et al. 2010

Journal of Animal Science

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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary crude glycerol in lactating sow diets on sow and litter performance under heat stress conditions. Mixed parity (range = 0 to 13) sows (n = 345; 253 +/- 24 kg of BW) were assigned randomly within gestation housing location and parity to 1 of 4 dietary treatments. Treatments consisted of a corn-soybean-based control diet (CON) and 3, 6, or 9% glycerol added at the expense of corn and soybean meal. Liquid crude glycerol was incorporated in the complete diet at the time of mixing. Dietary treatments were imposed on d 109 of gestation (2.25 kg/d) when sows were moved into farrowing rooms. Heat index during lactation in farrowing rooms exceeded 25 degrees C for all sows. At farrowing, sows were allowed ad libitum access to feed throughout lactation. Dietary treatment tended (P = 0.08) to influence ADFI of sows (CON = 6.04 kg/d; 3% = 6.21 kg/d; 6% = 5.69 kg/d; 9% = 6.00 kg/d; pooled SE = 0.18). Up to 9% crude glycerol in the diet had no effect on sow BW and backfat loss, weaning-to-estrus interval, preweaning mortality of piglets, and ADG of piglets. Increasing dietary glycerol linearly reduced (P = 0.10) litter size at weaning (CON = 9.50; 3% = 9.60; 6% = 9.36; 9% = 9.39; pooled SE = 0.08). Daily water consumption was not affected by dietary treatment. Crude glycerol did not affect respiration rates or rectal body temperatures, indicating no efficacy in reducing heat stress of sows. Plasma glycerol concentrations increased linearly (P < 0.05) as dietary crude glycerol increased (CON = 1.21 microM; 3% = 1.69 microM; 6% = 7.21 microM; 9% = 29.04 microM; pooled SE = 1.58), but plasma glucose concentrations were not affected. Crude protein content of the milk of sows was not affected (P = 0.16) by dietary treatment. Dry matter (P = 0.07) and crude fat (P = 0.09) content of the milk of the sows tended to increase linearly (DM basis: CON = 17.84%; 3% = 18.43%; 6% = 18.98%; 9% = 18.48%; pooled SE = 0.34; crude fat: CON = 4.78%; 3% = 4.91%; 6% = 5.50%; 9% = 5.24%; pooled SE = 0.30), whereas milk ash concentration tended (P = 0.09) to decrease linearly with increasing dietary glycerol (CON = 0.77%; 3% = 0.79%; 6% = 0.74%; 9% = 0.74%; pooled SE = 0.02). Increasing dietary crude glycerol linearly increased (P < 0.05) lactose concentration in the milk of sows (CON = 5.16%; 3% = 5.30%; 6% = 5.43%; 9% = 5.46%; pooled SE = 0.10). Results from this study indicate that lactating sows fed diets containing up to 9% crude glycerol perform similarly to sows fed a standard corn-soybean meal diet.

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Section: Respiration Rate and Core Body Temperaturementioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Respiration Rate and Core Body Temperaturementioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Temperature and Relative Humiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Use of crude glycerol, a biodiesel coproduct, in diets for lactating sows1,2

Schieck

Kerr

Baidoo

et al. 2010

Journal of Animal Science

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“…This result is consistent with other studies in which the increase in respiratory rate is the first physiological indicator of the animal response to high ambient temperatures, and should reduce the internal temperature by dissipation of excessive body heat (BANHAZI el. al., 2008 b;EICHEN et al, 2008). Pigs presented a lack of an effective mechanism for cutaneous evaporation, so they must rely on an increase in respiratory rate (BLACK et al, 1993).…”

Section: Thermoregulation and Sensible Heat Loss Of The Sowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is necessary to understand the housed livestock responses to the thermal conditions in order to reduce the negative effects of critical temperatures BANHAZI et al, 2008 b;MARTINS et al, 2008). Under high temperature, the sows reduce feed intake to minimize heat production (KEMP et al, 2011) and increase respiratory rate to dissipate body heat (EICHEN et al, 2008). Amongst the mechanisms to reduce losses due to heat stress it can be highlighted the use of forced ventilation (MORALES et al, 2009), and both floor (LIMA et al, 2011) and evaporative cooling systems over the animals' head, in order to increase the heat loss to the environment and reduce skin temperature (TEIXEIRA et al, 2004;THUY, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of evaporative cooling on the thermoregulation and sensible heat loss of sows during farrowing

et al. 2014

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ABSTRACT:Pigs are more sensitive to high environmental temperatures explained by the inability of sweating and panting properly when compared to other species of farmed livestock. The evaporative cooling system might favor the thermal comfort of animals during exposure to extreme environmental heat and reduce the harmful effects of heat stress. The purpose of this study was to assess the sensible heat loss and thermoregulation parameters from lactating sows during summer submitted to two different acclimatization systems: natural and evaporative cooling. The experiment was carried out in a commercial farm with 72 lactating sows. The ambient variables (temperature, relative humidity and air velocity) and sows physiological parameters (rectal temperature, surface temperature and respiratory rate) were monitored and then the sensible heat loss at 21days lactation was calculated. The results of rectal temperature did not differ between treatments. However, the evaporative cooling led to a significant reduction in surface temperature and respiratory rate and a significant increase in the sow's sensible heat loss. It was concluded that the use of evaporative cooling system was essential to increase sensible heat loss; thus, it should reduce the negative effects of heat on the sows' thermoregulation during summer.KEYWORDS: ventilation, thermal stress, panting, surface temperature, swine, lactation. IMPACTO DO RESFRIAMENTO EVAPORATIVO NA TERMORREGULAÇÃO E NA TROCA DE CALOR SENSÍVEL DE PORCAS NA MATERNIDADERESUMO: Em comparação com outras espécies de animais de criação comercial, os suínos são mais sensíveis à temperatura ambiente elevada, pois são incapazes de suar, e a respiração ofegante não é eficiente. O sistema de resfriamento evaporativo pode favorecer o conforto térmico dos animais durante a exposição a altas temperaturas e reduzir os efeitos prejudiciais do estresse térmico. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a troca de calor sensível e os parâmetros de termorregulação de porcas em lactação submetidas a dois sistemas de climatização: natural e resfriamento evaporativo, durante o verão. O experimento foi conduzido em uma granja comercial com 72 porcas em lactação, no qual foram monitoradas as variáveis ambientais (temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do ar), os parâmetros fisiológicos das porcas (temperatura retal, temperatura superficial e frequência respiratória) e, assim, foi calculada a troca de calor sensível no período de 21 dias de lactação. Os resultados não indicaram efeito significativo dos sistemas de climatização sobre a temperatura retal. Porém, o resfriamento evaporativo proporcionou redução significativa na temperatura superficial e na frequência respiratória, além do aumento significativo na troca de calor sensível das porcas. A utilização do resfriamento evaporativo contribuiu para aumentar a perda de calor sensível, e, portanto, este sistema pode amenizar os efeitos negativos do calor na termorregulação das porcas lactantes durante o verão.

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