Heat stress and effect of shade materials on hormonal and behavior response of dairy cattle: a review

Kamal, Reena; Dutt, Triveni; Patel, M.; Dey, Abir; Bharti, Pranay; Chandran, P C

doi:10.1007/s11250-018-1542-6

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In pigs, thermoregulatory responses for avoiding heat stress are activated above 25℃ (Quiniou and Noblet, 1999). Heat stress increases rectal temperature in swine (Dou et al, 2017), cattle (Kamal et al, 2018), and chickens (Chowdhury et al, 2014). Further, a significant reduction in voluntary feed intake is generally observed in swine (Dou et al, 2017), cattle (Kamal et al, 2018), and chickens (Chowdhury et al, 2012) during heat stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heat stress increases rectal temperature in swine (Dou et al, 2017), cattle (Kamal et al, 2018), and chickens (Chowdhury et al, 2014). Further, a significant reduction in voluntary feed intake is generally observed in swine (Dou et al, 2017), cattle (Kamal et al, 2018), and chickens (Chowdhury et al, 2012) during heat stress. This response is considered the main adaptation mechanism for reducing metabolic heat production (Nyachoti et al, 2004), which has negative effects on growth performance in mammals (D'Allaire et al, 1996;Kamal et al, 2018) and chickens (Mashaly et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heat Stress Biomarker Amino Acids and Neuropeptide Afford Thermotolerance in Chicks

Chowdhury

2019

J. Poult. Sci.

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With global warming, heat stress is becoming a pressing concern worldwide. In chickens, heat stress reduces food intake and growth, and increases body temperature and stress responses. Although it is believed that young chicks do not experience heat stress as they need a higher ambient temperature to survive, our series of studies in young chicks showed that they are sensitive to heat stress. This review summarizes current knowledge on amino acid metabolisms during heat stress, with special emphasis on the hypothermic functions of L-citrulline (L-Cit) and Lleucine (L-Leu), and the functions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in terms of body temperature and heat stress regulation in chicks. Amino acid metabolism is severely affected by heat stress. For example, prolonged heat stress reduces plasma L-Cit in chicks and L-Leu in the brain and liver of embryos. L-Cit and L-Leu supplementation affords thermotolerance in young chicks. NPY expression is increased in the brains of heat-exposed chicks. NPY has a hypothermic action under control thermoneutral temperature and heat stress in chicks. The NPY-sub-receptor Y5 is a partial mediator of the hypothermic action of NPY. Further, NPY stimulates brain dopamine concentrations and acts as an anti-stress agent in heat-exposed fasted, but not fed chicks. In conclusion, young chicks can serve as a model animal for the study of heat stress in chickens. L-Cit, L-Leu, and NPY were identified as biomarkers of heat stress, with the potential to afford thermotolerance in chicks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Stress Biomarker Amino Acids and Neuropeptide Afford Thermotolerance in Chicks

Chowdhury

2019

J. Poult. Sci.

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“…The reproductive efficiency of dairy cattle exposed to adverse climatic conditions is compromised when temperature and humidity are high and solar radiation is intense for most of the year [26], a recurrent situation in the Amazonian biome. In the case of the use of PIV, embryo development becomes impaired when cows suffer from heat stress on AI day or up to 7 days after the procedure, which leads to less embryonic viability [2], which may render the results of the technique unfeasible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioclimatic Influence on the Pregnancy Rate in Embryo-Recipient Cows in the Amazonian Biome

Diniz¹,

Silva²,

Nogueira³

et al. 2020

Reproductive Biology and Technology in Animals

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The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of the climate, through the parameters of rectal temperature (RT), temperature and humidity index (THI), and plasma cortisol concentration, on the physiological responses of embryo-recipient cows in the Amazonian biome. For the conduction of the experiment in which 11 rural properties participated, 235 crossbred cows were used as embryo recipients. The embryos were obtained by means of the in vitro production technique (PIV). The recipients were divided into batches and submitted based on the simplification of the P36 protocol for fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET). To the day of embryo transfer, blood samples were collected by venipuncture of the coccygeal vein in tubes with anticoagulant. Plasma cortisol dosages were done by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique using commercial kits. The rectal temperature of each of the recipients submitted to the protocol was verified using a digital clinical thermometer, and the ambient temperature and the relative humidity of the air were evaluated in this moment, both with the aid of own digital equipment. Statistical analysis of the parameters evaluated was Pearson's correlation and Student's t-test at a significance level of 5%. In the analysis of variance, it was observed that there was a significant difference in plasma cortisol and THI among the groups, where lower mean values were found in the GP group. The Amazonian climate is an inducer of thermal stress, which can cause abnormalities in the estral cycle and changes in the synthesis of sex hormones and embryonic development and, consequently, negatively affect the pregnancy rate in embryo-recipient cows, even in races more adapted to the tropics, as demonstrated by the RT, THI, and plasma cortisol parameters.

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“…Shading of feed and water also offers dairy production advantages. Among the several methods already reported to reduce heat stress in cows, simple shade materials appear to be the most cost-effective methods (Kamal et al, 2018). Different materials are being used to provide shade during hot weather.…”

Section: Alternatives To Minimize the Effects Of The Transition Periomentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for increasing fertility in high productivity dairy herds

Bragança¹,

Zangirólamo²

2018

Anim Reprod

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Over the years, the dairy cow has been selected and managed for high performance and efficiency in milk production. Thus, different factors influence the fertility of dairy cows of high productivity. It has been observed that genetic selection for large productions and metabolic adaptations may explain the greater requirement to maintain reproduction at satisfactory levels. Also, these animals are more susceptible to environmental factors such as increased temperature and humidity. Studies have shown that heat stress results in reduced estrous expression and impairs ovarian function, interfering with folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis. Likewise, under heat stress conditions, dry matter intake is reduced, prolonging the after calving negative energy balance and calving-conception interval. Thus, suboptimal reproductive performance is one of the main factors responsible for the economic losses in large dairy farms. In this context, numerous management practices have been introduced to improve reproduction in high productivity animals, making reproductive management increasingly complex in dairy farms. Among them, we can mention the implementation of management and nutrition conditions adapted to the periods of heat stress, as well as protocols and biotechniques that improve the quality of the follicles and oocytes. Thus, because genetic selection for better fertility animals is a characteristic of low heritability, the success of reproductive programs in highly productive herds depends on the association of the control of genetic and physiological factors with those of environmental, nutritional and management. This paper aims to discuss reproductive aspects of dairy cows of high productivity, the role of heat stress in this context, and the implementation of management, nutrition and biotechnology conditions, to minimize the adverse effects on the reproduction of these animals.

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Heat stress and effect of shade materials on hormonal and behavior response of dairy cattle: a review

Cited by 33 publications

References 30 publications

Heat Stress Biomarker Amino Acids and Neuropeptide Afford Thermotolerance in Chicks

Heat Stress Biomarker Amino Acids and Neuropeptide Afford Thermotolerance in Chicks

Bioclimatic Influence on the Pregnancy Rate in Embryo-Recipient Cows in the Amazonian Biome

Strategies for increasing fertility in high productivity dairy herds

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