Heart Rate, Autonomic Function, and Future Changes in Glucose Metabolism in Individuals Without Diabetes: The Whitehall II Cohort Study

Hansen, Christian Stevns; Færch, Kristine; Jørgensen, Marit Eika; Malik, Marek; Witte, Daniel R.; Brunner, Eric J.; Tabák, Ádám G.; Kivimäki, Mika; Vistisen, Dorte

doi:10.2337/dc18-1838

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…It has been suggested that autonomic dysfunction causes hyperglycemia via impaired insulin release by the pancreas, increased glucose production by the liver, and impaired glucose uptake and insulin resistance in skeletal muscles (32). Indeed, several studies have shown that cardiac autonomic dysfunction measured by high heart rate or low HRV is associated with incident type 2 diabetes (33,34). Hence, it is possible that a vicious cycle of hyperglycemia and cardiac autonomic dysfunction exists.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Both Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Are Associated With Lower Heart Rate Variability: The Maastricht Study

et al. 2020

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Both Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Are Associated With Lower Heart Rate Variability: The Maastricht Study

et al. 2020

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“…We are therefore unable to comment on whether similar sex differences also exist in patients with cardiac and/or autonomic abnormalities (e.g. diabetic patients [30]). Likewise, since the data were obtained in primarily middle-aged adults, we are unable to comment on sex differences in healthy children or in the advanced age elderly [31,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in heart rate responses to postural provocations

Hnatkova

Šišáková

Smetana

et al. 2019

International Journal of Cardiology

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Sex differences are known in several facets of cardiac electrophysiology, mostly concerning myocardial repolarisation. In this study, heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) responses to postural provocations were compared in 175 and 176 healthy females and males, respectively (aged 33.1 ± 9.1 years). Two different postural provocative tests with position changes supine→sitting→standing→supine and supine→standing→sitting→supine (15-min standing, 10-min other positions) were performed up to 4 times in each subject. Heart rate and heart rate variability spectral indices were measured in 5-min windows before positional changes. At supine position, females had averaged heart rate approximately 5 beats per minute (bpm) faster than males and this sex difference was practically constant during the postural changes. In both sexes, change supine→sitting and supine→standing increased heart rate by approximately 10 and 30 bpm, respectively, with no statistical differences between the sex groups. At supine baseline, females had normalised high frequency components (nHF) of HRV approximately 7% larger compared to males (p < 0.001). While the same difference in nHF was found at sitting, the change to standing position lead to significantly larger nHF reduction in females compared to males (mean changes 22.5 vs 17.2%, p < 0.001). This shows that despite similar heart rate increase, females respond to standing by more substantial shifts in cardiac sympatho-vagal modulations. This makes it plausible to speculate that the differences in autonomic reactions to stress contribute to the known sex-differences in psychosocial responses to stressful situations and to the known difference in susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation between females and males.

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“…This study has several limitations, including the cross-sectional design, which negates the ability to demonstrate causal relationships, a major shortcoming of this trial. Thus far, only a single report [ 47 ] has shown that resting heart rate in individuals without diabetes is associated with future unfavorable changes in insulin levels and insulin sensitivity. Although those results were inconclusive, the authors speculated that the associations may be mediated by autonomic function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of sleep quality, sleep apnea and autonomic function with insulin secretion and sensitivity: HSCAA study

et al. 2020

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Rationale and purpose Although sleep disorders are shown to be involved in occurrence of diabetes, impacts of several quantitative parameters related to sleep on insulin secretion and sensitivity is yet to be elucidated. We cross-sectionally examined relationships among quantitative sleep quality, sleep apnea, and autonomic function with insulin secretion and sensitivity in 399 patients without previous diagnosed diabetes who underwent 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (75gOGTT). Method Poor sleep quality (PSQ) was defined as an activity index ≥50 by actigraphy. Sleep apnea was measured by apnomonitor, while standard deviation of all normal-to-normal R-R intervals (SDNN) was measured by active tracer. Parameters of insulin secretion and sensitivity were measured by 75gOGTT. Results Patients with PSQ exhibited significantly lower insulinogenic index (r = 0.155, p < 0.01), a parameter of insulin secretion, with the association independent of other clinical factors including apnea and SDNN (β = −0.156, p < 0.01). In contrast, presence of sleep apnea (r = −0.143, p < 0.05) and the lower SDNN (r = −0.150, p < 0.01) were significantly and inversely associated with BIGTT-S, an insulin sensitivity parameter, with the association of SDNN with BIGTT-S remaining significant even after adjustments for PSQ and sleep apnea (β = −0.111, p < 0.05). Conclusion Poor sleep quality is an independent predictor of pancreatic β-cell function, which could be involved in occurrence of type 2 diabetes.

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Heart Rate, Autonomic Function, and Future Changes in Glucose Metabolism in Individuals Without Diabetes: The Whitehall II Cohort Study

Cited by 27 publications

References 42 publications

Both Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Are Associated With Lower Heart Rate Variability: The Maastricht Study

Both Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Are Associated With Lower Heart Rate Variability: The Maastricht Study

Sex differences in heart rate responses to postural provocations

Associations of sleep quality, sleep apnea and autonomic function with insulin secretion and sensitivity: HSCAA study

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