Healthcare-associated Viral Gastroenteritis among Children in a Large Pediatric Hospital, United Kingdom

Cunliffe, Nigel A.; Booth, John A.; Elliot, Claire; Lowe, S.J.; Sopwith, Will; Kitchin, Nick; Nakagomi, Osamu; Nakagomi, Toyoko; Hart, C. A.; Regan, Martyn

doi:10.3201/eid1601.090401

Cited by 99 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Fourth, in this study, a nested PCR technique was used, which has greater sensitivity than the commonly used EIA. In contrast, for SaV, the proportion in our study (5.2%) was lower than that reported previously in Brazil (9.8%) 25 , and was similar to the rate found in the United Kingdom (5%) 7 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…Epidemiological data have shown that both viruses are circulating around the world, with prevalence rates of 16.2-19.3% for HAdV detected by immunochromatography 4,5 and 0.8-5% for SaV 6,7 detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In Brazil, some investigations have reported HAdV and SaV infections among hospitalized children in the Northern Region, with prevalence rates of 2-10% and 2.5-5.9%, respectively, based on enzyme immunoassay (EIA), PCR, and RT-PCR methodologies [8][9][10][11] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection and genotyping of human adenovirus and sapovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in Belém, Pará, between 1990 and 1992: first detection of GI.7 and GV.2 sapoviruses in Brazil

Costa

Siqueira

Portal

et al. 2017

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality, especially among children from developing countries. Human adenovirus (HAdV) and sapovirus (SaV) are among the agents that cause AGE. The present study aimed to detect and genotype HAdV and SaV in 172 fecal samples from children with AGE, collected during a surveillance study carried out in a low-income community in Belém, Pará, between 1990 and 1992. Methods: HAdV was detected by nested PCR, using primers Hex1deg/Hex2deg and NeHex3deg/NeHex4deg. SaV was assayed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), nested PCR, and quantitative PCR. The nucleotide sequence was determined by direct cycle sequencing. Results: Overall, 43% (74/172) of samples were positive for HAdV, of which 70.3% (52/74) were sequenced and classified as belonging to five different species, mostly A and F. For SaV, positivity was 5.2% (9/172) and genotypes GI.1, GI.7, GII.1, and GV.2 were detected. Conclusions: The present results reinforce the need for further studies to obtain epidemiological data about the circulation of these viruses in Brazil, especially in the Amazon Region, where data from the early 1990's are scarce. Furthermore, the study describes for the first time the detection of SaV genotypes GI.7 and GV.2 in Brazil, showing that these types circulated in the region more than 25 years ago.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and genotyping of human adenovirus and sapovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in Belém, Pará, between 1990 and 1992: first detection of GI.7 and GV.2 sapoviruses in Brazil

Costa

Siqueira

Portal

et al. 2017

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…A United Kingdom study found 39% of all episodes of acute gastroenteritis (GE) among hospitalized patients were healthcare acquired and that rotavirus was the most common cause (31%). 1 Other studies documented that rotavirus accounted for up to 87% of paediatric HAGE cases. 5,6 A recent meta-analysis found that the incidence of healthcare-associated rotavirus infections was 8.1 per 100 hospitalizations for children under two years of age during epidemic months, 4 however a single-centre study suggested that the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine was associated with a substantial reduction in the incidence of both community and hospital-acquired rotavirus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Although less frequently studied than HAI due to medical devices or surgical procedures, HAGE occurs frequently related to both endemic transmission as well as outbreaks. A United Kingdom study found 39% of all episodes of acute gastroenteritis (GE) among hospitalized patients were healthcare acquired and that rotavirus was the most common cause (31%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospital-acquired gastroenteritis at a referral hospital in Gaborone, Botswana

Welch¹,

Goldfarb²,

Moorad³

et al. 2017

Int. j. infect. control

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Hospital-acquired infections, including hospital-acquired gastroenteritis (HAGE), are well documented in Western countries but little is known about these infections in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of and explore modifiable risk factors for HAGE.A prospective cohort study of children <13 years with HAGE admitted to Princess Marina Hospital in Gaborone, Botswana was performed. HAGE was defined as new-onset gastroenteritis (GE) >72 hours after admission or upon admission after recent discharge for a non-GE illness. Children were followed until discharge to ascertain therapies used and adverse outcomes. Enteric pathogens were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.Virtually all of the 32 children with HAGE were < 2 years (n=30, 94%) and most were male (n=19, 59%). Few had human immunodeficiency virus infection (n=6, 19%), severe malnutrition (n=8, 25%), or a history of vitamin A use in the past 6 months (n=2, 6%). The mean monthly incidence of HAGE was 2.3 per 1000 patient days, and was associated with the monthly number of community-acquired gastroenteritis (CAGE) admissions (IRR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00, 1.04, p=0.025). A stool pathogen was detected in 15/27 (56%) children, including norovirus (n=7, 26%) and rotavirus (n=5, 18%). Most children received oral rehydration solution (n=26, 81%), or intravenous fluids (n=9, 28%). Antibiotics were administered to 5 (16%) children. Two (6%) children with HAGE were admitted to the intensive care unit and 4 (12%) died.In conclusion, we found HAGE was relatively common and associated with severe outcomes. The monthly incidence of HAGE was associated with CAGE admissions. Common pathogens included norovirus and rotavirus.

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“…Outbreaks of AGE often occur in clusters, such as schools, camps, and daycare centers. Previous studies in children were mainly focused on community-acquired infection, but more recently, healthcare-associated adenoviral AGE is being more closely studied [44,[46][47][48]. Along with rotavirus and norovirus, adenovirus has emerged as one of the leading causes of viral AGE in both these settings, with immunocompromised patients possibly infected with multiple viruses and shedding viruses in their stools for prolonged periods [47,48].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Repertoire of Adenovirus in Human Disease: The Innocuous to the Deadly

Khanal¹,

Ghimire²,

Dhamoon³

2018

Preprint

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Abstract:Adenovirus is a family of double stranded DNA viruses that are a significant cause of upper respiratory tract infections in children and adults. Less commonly, the adenovirus family can cause a variety of gastrointestinal, ophthalmologic, genitourinary, and neurologic diseases. Most adenovirus infections are self-limited in the immunocompetent host and are treated with supportive measures. Fatal infections can occur in immunocompromised patients and less frequently in the healthy. Adenoviral vectors are being studied for novel biomedical applications including gene therapy and immunization. In this review we will focus on the spectrum of adenoviral infections in humans.

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Healthcare-associated Viral Gastroenteritis among Children in a Large Pediatric Hospital, United Kingdom

Abstract: Enteric viruses introduced from the community are major causes of these illnesses.

Cited by 99 publications

References 37 publications

Detection and genotyping of human adenovirus and sapovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in Belém, Pará, between 1990 and 1992: first detection of GI.7 and GV.2 sapoviruses in Brazil

Detection and genotyping of human adenovirus and sapovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in Belém, Pará, between 1990 and 1992: first detection of GI.7 and GV.2 sapoviruses in Brazil

Hospital-acquired gastroenteritis at a referral hospital in Gaborone, Botswana

The Repertoire of Adenovirus in Human Disease: The Innocuous to the Deadly

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