Adenoviridae is a family of double-stranded DNA viruses that are a significant cause of upper respiratory tract infections in children and adults. Less commonly, the adenovirus family can cause a variety of gastrointestinal, ophthalmologic, genitourinary, and neurologic diseases. Most adenovirus infections are self-limited in the immunocompetent host and are treated with supportive measures. Fatal infections can occur in immunocompromised patients and less frequently in the healthy. Adenoviral vectors are being studied for novel biomedical applications including gene therapy and immunization. In this review we will focus on the spectrum of adenoviral infections in humans.

Abstract:Adenovirus is a family of double stranded DNA viruses that are a significant cause of upper respiratory tract infections in children and adults. Less commonly, the adenovirus family can cause a variety of gastrointestinal, ophthalmologic, genitourinary, and neurologic diseases. Most adenovirus infections are self-limited in the immunocompetent host and are treated with supportive measures. Fatal infections can occur in immunocompromised patients and less frequently in the healthy. Adenoviral vectors are being studied for novel biomedical applications including gene therapy and immunization. In this review we will focus on the spectrum of adenoviral infections in humans.

There is a need to increase surgical capacity in LMICs; in particular, there is a need to bolster trauma and orthopedic care. Previous studies have suggested ways to allocate resources to build capacity. We recommend targeting the alleviation of these identified barriers in parallel with capacity building.

Background: Malnutrition is a major public health & nutrition problem in Nepal. It is associated with many risk factors like low birth weight, multiple birth, short spaced birth, extra diet, and iron supplementation in pregnancy etc. Objectives: This study aims at finding out the nutritional status of under-five Nepalese children of Borbote village, Ilam and risk factors associated with malnutrition. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Borbote village, Ilam. A total of 186 under-five children was selected by purposive sampling. Non parametric test was applied to find out statistical significance. Logistic regression method was used to identify the factors influencing the malnutrion. Results: According to WHO, 20% children were malnourished . of which 14% were moderately undernourished and 6% were severely undernourished. Mothers exclusively breast feeding for 6 months had only 20.0% low weight for age children and those who didn.t had 34.8% (P=0.041). Pregnant ladies who took iron supplements had 20.5% of low weight for age children compared to 37.1% (P =0.037) in those who didn.t take supplements. Malnutrition was found more in those who were below poverty line 27.94% (P=0.023) compared to those above poverty line 12.00%. Conclusion: Significant number of under-five children of Bortbote village was malnourished. Maternal factors have significant association with nutritional status of the children which include extra diet in pregnancy and lactation, iron supplements in pregnancy, exclusive breast feeding for six months. Extra attention should be provided by the Ministry of Health towards maternal and child health. Health Renaissance, January-April 2013; Vol. 11 No.1; 111-118 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i2.8217

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Background & Objectives: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the leading killers in the world. This is a demographic study of patients who underwent coronary angiography for CAD with regard to sex, age, ethnicity and prevalence of risk factors.Materials & Methods: Hospital based retrospective study conducted at the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Science (BPKIHS), Dharan, Nepal.Results: The Study showed that out of 382 patients who presented to the cath-lab 216 patients underwent angiography alone and 166 patients had PCI. The most common indication for presentation to cath-lab was S-T Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), which accounted for 46.3% cases. The most common age group of presentation was 51-60 years of age with 35% cases. During the procedure, it was found that 32.8% had normal vessels, 29.6% had single vessel disease and 38% had 2 or more vessels involved. The most common coronary artery involved was left anterior descending (LAD), which was implicated in 96.9 % of total cases. Coronary Artery Disease was defined as having at least one vessel 50% obstructed. A total of 158 males and 99 females had CAD with a sex ratio of 1.59. It was found that 36.1% belonged to Brahmin / Chettri ethnicity whereas 34.0% belonged to Janjati. Hypertension was the most common risk factor, present in 67 % of the patients.Conclusion: It appears that among the population of eastern Nepal, the age group most likely to suffer from an episode of ACS leading to invasive evaluation is between 50 to 60 years. And the most significant risk factors associated are hypertension and smoking.JCMS Nepal. 2015;11(1):1-5