Health risks and economic costs of exposure to PCDD/Fs from open burning: a case study in Nairobi, Kenya

Environmental impacts, pollution sources and pathways of spent lithium-ion batteries

“…The hazards of damaged LIBs are in addition to conventional landfill fires, which produce a mixture of toxic gases and smoke 77,93 consisting of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [94][95][96] , dioxins/furans [97][98][99][100][101] , volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 102,103 , heavy metals 104,105 polychlorinated biphenyls or organochlorine pesticides 104 and finally, particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 μm 106,107 . Subsurface fires favour the generation of harmful gases such as CO, SO 2 or H 2 S 77 -some of these gases are also generated within burning batteries [19][20][21][22][23][24] .…”

The Monetary Benefits of Reducing Emissions of Dioxin-like Compounds—Century Poisons—Over Half a Century: Evaluation of the Benefit per Ton Method

“…However, if the physical measurement of dioxin-like compounds is not monetized, no information allowing comparison with the costs of new technologies or structural changes will be available. Nadal et al [ 10 ], Fuster et al [ 24 ], and Shih et al [ 35 ] are among the few who have calculated monetary values in terms of either the value of a statistical life (VSL) or health costs for health assessments. However, their studies were specific to cement plants using sewage sludge as a fuel source in Spain and the reduction in waste dumping at specific sites in Nairobi, Kenya.…”