Health benefits of resveratrol: Evidence from clinical studies

Abstract

Resveratrol is a polyphenolic nutraceutical that exhibits pleiotropic activities in human subjects. The efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of resveratrol have been documented in over 244 clinical trials, with an additional 27 clinical trials currently ongoing. Resveretrol is reported to potentially improve the therapeutic outcome in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus, obesity, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, multiple myeloma, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, inflammatory diseases, and rhinopharyngitis. The polyphenol is reported to be safe at doses up to 5 g/d, when used either alone or as a combination therapy. The molecular basis for the pleiotropic activities of resveratrol are based on its ability to modulate multiple cell signaling molecules such as cytokines, caspases, matrix metalloproteinases, Wnt, nuclear factor‐κB, Notch, 5′‐AMP‐activated protein kinase, intercellular adhesion molecule, vascular cell adhesion molecule, sirtuin type 1, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator 1α, insulin‐like growth factor 1, insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 3, Ras association domain family 1α, pAkt, vascular endothelial growth factor, cyclooxygenase 2, nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2, and Kelch‐like ECH–associated protein 1. Although the clinical utility of resveratrol is well documented, the rapid metabolism and poor bioavailability have limited its therapeutic use. In this regard, the recently produced micronized resveratrol formulation called SRT501, shows promise. This review discusses the currently available clinical data on resveratrol in the prevention, management, and treatment of various diseases and disorders. Based on the current evidence, the potential utility of this molecule in the clinic is discussed.

Potential Adverse Effects of Resveratrol: A Literature Review

“…A search of the clinical trials database (http://clinicaltrials.gov/) revealed that there are a total of 244 human clinical trials utilizing RE. These clinical trials investigated the potential beneficial effects of RE in the management of diabetes mellitus, obesity, Alzheimer's disease, dyslipidemia, hypertension, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, pulmonary diseases, eye diseases, rhinopharyngitis, inflammatory diseases, metabolic syndromes, and cancers [137]. RE was documented to exhibit adverse effects in most of these trials.…”

Maternal Obesity Programs Offspring Development and Resveratrol Potentially Reprograms the Effects of Maternal Obesity

“…Anti-obesity activity of resveratrol has been reported in laboratory animal models, including mice [89], rats [90], primates [91], and humans [92]. The attributed pathways occur in the WAT and include adipogenesis, lipolysis, and lipogenesis [93].…”

Pharmacological basis and new insights of resveratrol action in the cardiovascular system

“…By activating sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), one of the SIRT family of deacetylases which are claimed to act as longevity regulators, resveratrol is considered to be a potent anti‐aging agent. Over the years, as reported by many basic science investigations and over 240 clinical trials, resveratrol exerts beneficial effects against chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes mellitus, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, liver diseases and kidney diseases, and carcinomas, such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and myeloma (Singh et al, ). Among these disorders, aging is likely to be the most common risk factor.…”