Pharmacological basis and new insights of resveratrol action in the cardiovascular system

Abstract

Resveratrol (trans‐3,4′,5‐trihydroxystilbene) belongs to the family of natural phytoalexins. Resveratrol first came to our attention in 1992, following reports of the cardioprotective effects of red wine. Thereafter, resveratrol was shown to exert antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐proliferative, and angio‐regulatory effects against atherosclerosis, ischaemia, and cardiomyopathy. This article critically reviews the current findings on the molecular basis of resveratrol‐mediated cardiovascular benefits, summarizing the broad effects of resveratrol on longevity regulation, energy metabolism, stress resistance, exercise mimetics, circadian clock, and microbiota composition. In addition, this article also provides an update, both preclinically and clinically, on resveratrol‐induced cardiovascular protection and discusses the adverse and inconsistent effects of resveratrol reported in both preclinical and clinical studies. Although resveratrol has been claimed as a master anti‐aging agent against several age‐associated diseases, further detailed mechanistic investigation is still required to thoroughly unravel the therapeutic value of resveratrol against cardiovascular diseases at different stages of disease development. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed Oil: A Functional Food from the Winemaking Industry

“…Regarding phenolic constituents, or polyphenols, also present in fruit, grains, and vegetables, data from several studies suggest that they have healthy properties [ 1 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Resveratrol, a non-flavonoid present in trace quantities, is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound, known to play a key role in immunoregulation, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular, neuroprotection, and cancer treatment [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. It has also received attention due to its antimicrobial activity against bacterial, fungal, and viral species in vitro [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Rhaponticin as an anti-inflammatory component of rhubarb: a minireview of the current state of the art and prospects for future research

“…Despite sharing some biochemical pathways and molecular targets, the physiological effects of rhaponticin and rhapontigenin still remain poorly understood, when compared to the current knowledge of biological actions of resveratrol. Accumulating evidence from in vitro and in vivo investigations has indicated that resveratrol displays a wide range of beneficial properties such as antioxidant, cardioprotective, anticancer, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory action (see Cheng et al 2019;Ramírez-Garza et al 2018). Resveratrol may interact with different targets and modulate the activities of numerous pro-inflammatory mediators through the inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-jB) activation, reduction of inflammatory cytokine levels and iNOS activity as well as Similarly to resveratrol, the anti-inflammatory action of rhaponticin and rhapontigenin also involves the inhibition of the activation of NF-jB.…”

“…The stilbenoids are a well-known group of bioactive phytochemicals, that are synthesized by various plant species and accumulated in aerial and underground plant organs. Although resveratrol still remains the best described stilbene (see Cheng et al 2019;Ramírez-Garza et al 2018), it should be noted that this class of polyphenols includes many other bioactive compounds, such as rhapontigenin and rhaponticin, which display a wide range of beneficial activities, including antioxidant, estrogenic, antithrombotic, anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects (see Czop et al 2019;Kim and Ma 2018;Park et al 2002;Sun et al 2017;Wober et al 2007;Zhang et al 2007).…”

Research progress on alternative non-classical mechanisms of PCSK9 in atherosclerosis in patients with and without diabetes

“…Tang et al Cardiovasc Diabetol (2020) 19:33 cholesterol metabolism (SREBP-2) and fatty acid synthesis (SREBP-1c) [4]. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound that protects against atherosclerosis [5]. Jing et al [6] found that hepatic PCSK9 expression could be attenuated by resveratrol via downregulating the expression of SREBP-1c.…”