Potential Adverse Effects of Resveratrol: A Literature Review

Abstract

Due to its health benefits, resveratrol (RE) is one of the most researched natural polyphenols. Resveratrol's health benefits were first highlighted in the early 1990s in the French paradox study, which opened extensive research activity into this compound. Ever since, several pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties, were attributed to RE. However, results from the available human clinical trials were controversial concerning the protective effects of RE against diseases and their sequelae. The reason for these conflicting findings is varied but differences in the characteristics of the enrolled patients, RE doses used, and duration of RE supplementation were proposed, at least in part, as possible causes. In particular, the optimal RE dosage capable of maximizing its health benefits without raising toxicity issues remains an area of extensive research. In this context, while there is a consistent body of literature on the protective effects of RE against diseases, there are relatively few reports investigating its possible toxicity. Indeed, toxicity and adverse effects were reported following consumption of RE; therefore, extensive future studies on the long-term effects, as well as the in vivo adverse effects, of RE supplementation in humans are needed. Furthermore, data on the interactions of RE when combined with other therapies are still lacking, as well as results related to its absorption and bioavailability in the human body. In this review, we collect and summarize the available literature about RE toxicity and side effects.In this process, we analyze in vitro and in vivo studies that have addressed this stilbenoid. These studies suggest that RE still has an unexplored side. Finally, we discuss the new delivery methods that are being employed to overcome the low bioavailability of RE.

Phytopharmaceuticals mediated Furin and TMPRSS2 receptor blocking: can it be a potential therapeutic option for Covid-19?

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Wine’s Phenolic Compounds and Health: A Pythagorean View

“…Finally, animal studies often employ very high doses of grape (poly)phenols, e.g., resveratrol and their results cannot be readily transferred to humans, who would need to ingest several grams of extracts to replicate the same effects. Indeed, a discrepancy between animal and human effects has just been underscored [ 5 ] and resveratrol’s potential toxicity has been recently reviewed [ 67 ]. An often overlooked paper reported that resveratrol promoted atherosclerotic development in hypercholesterolemic rabbits, by a mechanism that is independent of observed differences in gross animal health, liver function, plasma cholesterol concentrations, or LDL oxidative status [ 68 ].…”

Influence of Resveratrol on the Cardiovascular Health Effects of Chronic Kidney Disease

“…At low concentrations, RSV acts as an antioxidant and protects against lipid, protein and DNA damage. However, at high concentrations, RSV acts as a pro-oxidant and promotes cellular damage [ 4 ]. The optimal RSV dosage for maximizing the benefit of RSV to cardiovascular health without increasing toxicity requires further investigation [ 126 ].…”

“…Resveratrol (RSV), a nutraceutical, is a naturally occurring polyphenol that can be found in red wine and grapes [ 2 ]. Reports have indicated that it is beneficial for treating or preventing CVD by improving metabolic syndrome components [ 3 , 4 ]. Moreover, RSV reduces the amount of plasma protein-bound uremic toxins and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels by maintaining balance in the gut microbiota [ 5 ].…”