Phytopharmaceuticals mediated Furin and TMPRSS2 receptor blocking: can it be a potential therapeutic option for Covid-19?

Abstract

Currently, novel coronavirus disease (Covid-19) outbreak creates global panic across the continents, as people from almost all countries and territories have been affected by this highly contagious viral disease. The scenario is deteriorating due to lack of proper & specific target-oriented pharmacologically safe prophylactic agents or drugs, and or any effective vaccine. drug development is urgently required to back in the normalcy in the community and to combat this pandemic. Thus, we have proposed two novel drug targets, Furin and TMPRSS2, as Covid-19 treatment strategy. We have highlighted this target-oriented novel drug delivery strategy, based on their pathophysiological implication on SARS-CoV-2 infection, as evident from earlier SARS-CoV-1, MERS, and influenza virus infection via host cell entry, priming, fusion, and endocytosis. An earlier study suggested that Furin and TMPRSS2 knockout mice had reduced level of viral load and a lower degree of organ damage such as the lung. The present study thus highlights the promise of some selected novel and potential anti-viral Phytopharmaceutical that bind to Furin and TMPRSS2 as target. As, few of them had shown promising anti-viral response in both preclinical and clinical study with acceptable therapeutic safety-index. Hence, this strategy may limit life-threatening Covid-19 infection and its mortality rate through nano-suspension based intra-nasal or oral nebulizer spray, to treat mild to moderate SARS-COV-2 infection, when Furin and TMPRSS2 receptor may initiate to express and activate for processing the virus to cause cellular infection by replication within the host cell.

A systematic review of pregnant women with COVID-19 and their neonates

“…Since December 2019, COVID-19 has been a resident of the world. Early efforts ranged from the development of diagnostic assays [80][81][82][83] and specific therapeutics [84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102] to optimizing health monitoring [103,104]. Despite this effort, in addition to our knowledge and experience from the recent outbreaks [105], it mainly relied on non-pharmacological interventions to control the pandemic, e.g., quarantine and social isolation [106,107].…”

Scutellaria barbata D. Don Inhibits the Main Proteases (Mpro and TMPRSS2) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection

“…Wogonin presents anti-viral activities against influenza infection via modulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways, and anti-fibrotic effects in liver fibrosis via regulating the activation and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells [ 75 ]. Thus, wogonin may present a therapeutic option to attenuate the cytokine storm in acute symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections due to the immunomodulatory response [ 76 ] and its anti-fibrotic effects in the convalescence period [ 75 ]. Yet another flavonoid compound for quality control in SB [ 8 ], naringenin, can inhibit two-pore channels (TPCs) [ 77 , 78 ], which regulate the trafficking of the virus to late-endosomes/lysosomes following entry into cells [ 79 ].…”

Altered immunoemotional regulatory system in COVID-19: From the origins to opportunities

“…Armed with the capacity to utilize the suggested methods, we can aim for a robust immune system and fight this battle ( Mohamed and Rezaei, 2020 ), which has persisted for a year now ( Jabbari and Rezaei, 2020 ). Pro-sensing biomaterials are of emerging interest that can accelerate the early immune responses ( Saghazadeh and Rezaei, 2021 ), while testing the clinical efficacy of a variety of ancient and modern therapies that selectively modulate inflammation remains under investigation ( Pezeshki and Rezaei, 2021 ; Zarandi et al, 2021 ; Palit et al, 2020 ; Peymani et al, 2021 ).…”