Headspace solid-phase microextraction and capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of rivastigmine in canine plasma samples

Sha, Yunfei; Deng, Chunhui; Liu, Zhen; Huang, Taomin; Yang, Bei; Duan, Gengli

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.04.006

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The most important ones are the reduction of the reagents cost, the low injection volume requirements, and the avoidance of disposing large volumes of organic waste. In particular, when the study described here is compared to previous studies, where HPLC-MS and GC-MS were used for the analysis of rivastigmine, the required injection volume of plasma for a single analysis is reduced from microliters [40][41][42][43] to nanoliters.…”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method Development by Use of Capillary Electrophoresis and Applications in Pharmaceutical, Biological and Natural Samples

Kapnissi‐Christodoulou¹

2012

Electrophoresis

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In addition, hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, and dispersive interactions can contribute to the solute partitioning between the two phases [4][5][6].CE was originally considered as a powerful analytical tool for the analysis of biological macromolecules. It has though, over the years, been extensively used for the separation of other compounds, such as chiral drugs, food additives, pesticides, inorganic ions, organic acids, and others. In this chapter, the ability of CE, and particularly CZE and MEKC, to be used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of compounds in pharmaceutical, biological and natural samples is investigated. In each approach, a number of studies are reported and discussed. These studies involve establishment of optimum separation conditions, method validation, optimization of sample-preparation procedure and application for the determination of the analytes under study in real samples. The first part of this chapter involves the determination of polyphenolic compounds using CZE with UVVis detector in red and white wines, while the second part involves the determination of pharmaceutical compounds in biological samples, such as blood and urine, using the hyphenated technique CE-MS (mass spectrometry). The third and final part emphasizes the importance of MEKC in chiral analysis since it has been known that usually only one enantiomer is active, while the other may be less active, inactive or has adverse effects. Determination of polyphenolic compounds in natural samplesPolyphenolic compounds exist in a variety of natural products, such as fruits, vegetables, beverages (tea, wine and juices), honey, cacao and herbs. They attract a lot of interest due to their beneficial implication in human health. They have been widely studied due to their antioxidant capacity and their association with several pathological conditions, such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, dementia, and even cancer [7][8][9]. Therefore, due to their health significance, numerous analytical methods have, over the last decades, been developed for their separation, identification and quantitation in natural products [10][11][12][13].According to literature, the simplest CE method, CZE, proved to be the best method for the determination of polyphenolic compounds in wine samples [14][15][16][17]. In such studies, and in each case, when the optimum CZE method was applied to different red and white wines, it was established that red wines have higher levels of polyphenolic compounds than white wines and that the polyphenolic composition varies among different wines.

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Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method Development by Use of Capillary Electrophoresis and Applications in Pharmaceutical, Biological and Natural Samples

Kapnissi‐Christodoulou¹

2012

Electrophoresis

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“…Currently, there are many planting areas and manufacturing locations of this herbal medicine, and harvest seasons in different For qualitative and quantitative analysis of R. Isatidis, sample pretreatment was important and always affected the results. With the development of modern analytical technologies, many new pretreatment techniques appeared, such as SPE [10], LPE, HS-SPME [11], MAE [12], MAE-HS-SPME [13][14][15], but they all had their own limitations of practical applications: MAE was not easy to control the temperature of the detected sample, microwave radiation was relatively strong, harmful to testing personnel, and destroyed compounds, especially fat-soluble compounds. SPE, HS-SPME, or LPE were resulting in high-cost, larger-error detection and time-consuming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RSM-optimized IRAE sample pretreatment and HPLC simultaneous determination of Tryptanthrin, indigo, and indirubin from Chinese herbal medicineRadix Isatidis

Zhou

Zhang²,

Lv³

et al. 2013

Acta Chromatographica

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Summary.Radix Isatidis has widely useful activities including anti-virus, anti-bacterial. Tryptanthrin, indigo, and indirubin are active ingredients in R. Isatidis. Response surface methodology (RSM)-optimized infrared-assisted extraction (IRAE) was developed and combined with HPLC for simultaneous determination of tryptanthrin, indigo, and indirubin from R. Isatidis. IRAE were investigated through extraction yields of the three components and optimized by RSM. The optimum conditions were as follows: infrared power of 129 W, solid/liquid ratio of 1:40 g/mL, and irradiation time of 22.5 min. IRAE conditions obtained by RSM were not only accurate, but also had practical value reflecting the expected optimization. Subsequently, this novel IRAE method was evaluated by extraction yield of the components of R. Isatidis samples from different regions. Compared with common extraction methods including maceration extraction (ME), reflux extraction (RE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), IRAE showed higher yield with advantages of no limitation of solvent selection, low cost, convenience under optimum extraction conditions. These results suggested the potential of RSM-optimized IRAE for extraction and analysis of the water-/fat-soluble compositions of Chinese herbal medicine. A simple chromatographic separation for simultaneous determination of tryptanthrin, indigo, and indirubin from Chinese herbal medicine R. Isatidis was performed on a C 18 column (Diamonsil 150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) with a mobile phase isocratic consisting of methanol and water at a flow-rate of 0.8 mL min −1 . The retention times of tryptanthrin, indigo, and indirubin were 15.4, 31.9, and 58.6 min, respectively. The linear equations were obtained as follows: y = −3094.5744 + 21208.792x for tryptanthrin (R = 0.9998, 0.9-18.0 μg mL −1 ), y = 4730.0448 + 30180.567x for indigo (R = 0.9997, 0.5-10.0 μg mL −1 ) and y = −6582.9045 + 67069.312x for indirubin (R = 0.9997, 0.4-8.0 μg mL −1 ). The result showed that RSM-optimized IRAE was a simple, efficient pretreatment method for the analysis of complex matrix.

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“…Literature studies of the concentration of rivastigmine and/or its metabolite NAP 226-90 have been done using capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection [7], HPLC with fluorometric [8] or mass spectrometry [6,[9][10][11] in human plasma samples. Reports of HPLC with UV detection [12], fluorometric [13] and mass spectrometry [14][15][16][17][18] for the determination of galantamine in biological samples have been published.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of galantamine, rivastigmine and NAP 226‐90 in plasma by MEKC and its application in Alzheimer's disease

et al. 2009

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A simple and sensitive MEKC with UV detection was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors including galantamine, rivastigmine and major metabolite NAP 226-90 in plasma. A sample pretreatment by liquid-liquid extraction with diethylether and subsequent quantification by MEKC was used. The optimum separation for these analytes was achieved in <10 min at 25 degrees C with a fused-silica capillary column of 30.2 cm x 50 microm id (effective length 20 cm) and a run buffer containing 25 mM Tris buffer (pH 5.0) with 160 mM sodium octanesulfonate, 20% ACN and 0.01% PVP as a dynamic coating to reduce analytes' interaction with the capillary wall. For sensitivity consideration regarding the determination of linearity, LOD, quantitation and monitoring drugs concentration in patients, the detection wavelengths for galantamine or rivastigmine and NAP 226-90 were set at 214 or 200 nm, respectively. One male volunteer (26-year-old) was orally administered a single dose of 4.5 mg rivastigmine (Exelon, Novartis) in capsule, and blood samples were drawn over a 12 h period for concentration-time profile study. The method was also successfully applied for monitoring galantamine or rivastigmine and its metabolite NAP 226-90 in 11 Alzheimer's disease patients' plasma after oral administration of the commercial products Reminyl (8 mg galantamine/capsule) or Exelon (3 mg rivastigmine/capsule), respectively.

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Headspace solid-phase microextraction and capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of rivastigmine in canine plasma samples

Cited by 36 publications

References 15 publications

Method Development by Use of Capillary Electrophoresis and Applications in Pharmaceutical, Biological and Natural Samples

Method Development by Use of Capillary Electrophoresis and Applications in Pharmaceutical, Biological and Natural Samples

RSM-optimized IRAE sample pretreatment and HPLC simultaneous determination of Tryptanthrin, indigo, and indirubin from Chinese herbal medicineRadix Isatidis

Simultaneous determination of galantamine, rivastigmine and NAP 226‐90 in plasma by MEKC and its application in Alzheimer's disease

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